Style: Romanesque

School: Catalana

Date: 11th and 12th Century

Artist: Anonymous

Title: San Clemente de Tahull

Style: Romanesque

School: Catalana

Date: 11th and 12th Century

Artist: Anonymous

Title: Frontal de Guilles

Style: Romanesque

School: Catalana and Castellan

Date: 11th and 12th Century

Artist: Anonymous

Title: Santa Cruz de Maderuelo

Style: Romanesque

School: Castellana

Date: 11th and 12th Century

Arists: Anonymous

Title: San Baudelio de Berlanga

Style: Gothic

School: italo-Gothic

Dates: 13th 14th, 15th Century

Artist: Pedro Rodríguez de Toledo

Title: Don Sancho de Rojas Altarpiece

Style: Gothic

School: International Gothic

Dates: 13th, 14th, 15th Century

Artist Nicolas Frances

Tile: Altarpiece of Mary and St. Francis

Style: Gothic

School: Hispano-Flemish

Date: 2nd Half of 15th Century

Artist: Bartolomé Bermejo

Title: Santo Domino of Silos

Style: Gothic

School: Franco-Gothic

Dates: !3th, 14th, 15th Century

Artist: Anonymous

Title: St. Christopher Alterpiece

Style: Gothic

School: Hispano-Flemish

Dates: 2nd half of 15th century

Artist: Fernando Gallego

Title: Pieta

Style: Gothic

School: Hispano-Flemish

Dates: 2nd half of 15th Century

Artist: Fernando Gallego

Title: Christ Blessing

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitives

Date: 15th Century

Artist: Jan Van Eyck

Title: The Annunciation

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitive

Date: 15th Century

Artist: Jan Van Eyck and collaborator

Title: The Fountain of Grace

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitives

Dates: 15th century

Artist: Robert Campin

Title: St. John the Baptist and the Fransiscan Master H. von Werl

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitives

Dates: 15th Century

Artist: Robert Campin

Title: St. Barbara

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitive

Date: 15th Century

Artist: Roger van der Weyden

Title: The Virgin and Child

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitive

Dates: 15th Century

Artist: Rogier van der Weyden

Title: Descent from the Cross

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitives

Dates: 15th c. 

Artist: Vrancke van der Stockt

Title: Triptych of the Redemption

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitive

Date: 15th c.

Artist: Dirk Bouts

Title: Triptych of the Life of the Virgin

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitive

Date: 15th Century

Artist: Hans Memling

Title: Triptych of the Adoration of the Magi

Style: Gothic

School: Flemish Primitives

Dates: 15th c.

Artist: Bosch

Title: The Garden of Earthly Delights

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Style: Transition Gothic to Renaissance

School: Italian Renaissance

Dates: 15th c.

Artist: Fra Angelico

Title: Anunnciation

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Style: Renaissance

School: Italian Renaissance

Dates: 15th c.

Artist: Antonello da Mesina

Title: Jesus with an Angel

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Style: Renaissance

School: Castellana

Dates: 16th c.

Artist: Pedro Berruguete

Title: The 4 Evangelsists

**Avila Cathedral

• Conceptual Art
• Goal is to teach
• Church is a microcosm of the world, it is divided into heave and earth

• BIBLE
• Old Testament = Adam and Eve, Genesis
• New Testament = Revelation book, Apocalypse, second coming of God

• sitting down
• beard
• book in hand, either opened or closed
• blessing with three fingers
• alpha and omega (beginning and end)
• halo with cross inside
• mandorla (abstract representation of light around the body, either a circle or an oval)
• tetramorphos (represenation of the 4 evangelists)

the back ground is decorated with only one color

ex. San Baudelio de Berlanga and some areas of Santa Cruz de Maderuelo

the background is decorated with multiple colors

ex. San Clemente de Tahull, Frontal de Guills, Santa Cruz de Maderuelo

CONOCER A DIOS

• people wanted to get to know god
• Saints and the Virgin became very important because they were still human but a link between heaven earth

LIGHT

• most of the backgrounds were painted in gold color, Jesus is light 

NARRATIVE ART

• paintings were more realistic
• one idea per painting
• narrated a story

• Bible- not the revelation book, Old and New Testament
• Apocryphal Gospels- non official gospels, not accepted by the church because they contain conflicting ideas
• Golden Legend- encyclopedia of Saints

TRY to paint perfect space, light, and anatomy

• moving towards three dimensional
• anatomy is getting closer to the correct proportion (nudity is the worst)
• light-- there is light and color = tonalities. but NO light+space, which is shadows

• Giant
• Walking stick is a tree
• Crossing a river
• Baby Jesus is on his shoulders blessing
• he sometimes has a mill wheel on his arm

• gray or brown habit
• stigmatas- feels the same pain and wounds as Jesus

• She is always near the tower in which her father locked her up to protect her from men
• she protects you from storms

• Brown habit
• rope with three knots- holy trinity - three vows (poor, no sex, obedient)

• red cloak
• camel skin
• lamb (jesus)

It was created in the 15th century by the Van Eyck brothers. Before this, painters discovered they could mix oil and paint with honey, but it dried very slowly so they only used it for small details. The Van Eyck brothers put the paint in a sealed jar, placed it inside of hot manure, and allowed it to undergo a chemical reaction. They could not heat it over the fire or else the paint would evaporate. 

Advantages: brilliant color, dries quickly, allows artists to paint with great detail

PERFECT

• light - aerial perspective, sfumato - Mona Lisa by Da Vinci
• space - mathematical perspective - The Death of Mary by Andrea Mantegna
• anatomy - study of cadavers - Jesus and an Angel by Antonello da Messina

• horizon line
• vanishing point- point where all lines converge
• proportional study of distance- calculated using calculus

• Italian word for shading
• build volume with light and shadows
• ex. La Gioconda by Da Vinci-- look at her eyes and hollows of her cheeks and roundness of her fingers

• light has already been painted perfectly with color and space, Da Vinci says you need aerial perspective!!
• to paint or represent the air or atmosphere
• the distance air is gray or blue, FOG
• not every detail is visible of things far away
• EX. background of Mona Lisa

• Religion- the clergy is powerful, still a focus on the apocryphal gospels
• Portraits- emphasis on the human being
• Historical events
• Mythology - Greek and Roman Pagan Gods, very popular all around Europe except in Spain, the inquistion would not allow it

• black or white habit
• 3 flowers (trinity, white purity, mary was a virgin before during and after she had Jesus)
• a book (they wrote about Mary's purity)

Rafael believes that the most important thing is compostion. He thinks that painting must either be balanced or geometric. The artist must balance each weight on one side with a weight on the other. Or he forms pyramidal. Ex. The triangle formed in Christ on the Road to the Calvary. The Cardenal is only one person, the triangle of his hat is centered. 

Ex. School of Athens

He represents anceinet philosophers with the portraits of artists, architects, etc. living in Italy at the time. He balances each person with another on the opposite side.

Feel tranquil when in front of one of his paintings.

Michelangelo painted David moments before he slaid Goliath. David is a young adolescent in the Old testament who killed the giant Goliath. He has a stone in hand and sling on his shoulder. We see that Michelangelo represented not a 10-yr-old, but a late teenager because he thinks the anatomy of a man is perfect. It is so famous because it was sculpted from ONE piece of marble, a task Michelangelo took on at 20 years old. The head is a little big as well as the hand because M wanted to make up for the height it was to be placed at in the church. 

Michelangelo: humanist