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Midterm 1
Terms for first midterm
35
Art History
Not Applicable
10/23/2005

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Cards

Term
bos indicus
Definition
humped bull; second most common structure in Indus seals; symbolizes prosperity
Term
Neolithic
Definition
new stone age
Term
samsara
Definition
cycle of rebirth; trying to escape into moksa through dharma to enlightenment
Term
karma
Definition
earthly action defines rebirth' what happens to you is of your own doing; keep improving until you escape samsara and become immortal by recognizing non duality with the universe (Atman=atman); improve it through moral and ethical behavior; determines moksa
Term
maya
Definition
illusion; reinforces our idea of our individuality when in reality all is one
Term
moksa
Definition
release from samsara; liberation from cycle of rebirth; achieve it via dharma and enlightenment and realizing Upanisadic equation
Term
sangha
Definition
monastic community; monkhood as founded by Sakyamuni Buddha; symbiotic relationship with the laity
Term
manusi
Definition
mortal; as the Buddhas are; Buddhas are exemplars, not deities
Term
ahimsa
Definition
practice of nonviolence associated with Hinduism; respect for life displayed in pacifism and vegetarianism
Term
stupa
Definition
houses the relic of Buddha or another venerable monk; most important monument in Buddhist caves; it's venerated as part of Buddha; 1st tier-anything of Buddha; 2nd tier- touched by Buddha; 3rd- picture of Buddha
Term
Atman
Definition
"thou art that:" Upanisadic equation; all is one; self is equal to the whole; an intrinsic nature that is not dependent on others
Term
vihara
Definition
hall where monks live; two mirroar-image halls; cells for monks to live
Term
chaitya
Definition
relic hall/shrine; rounded tip
Term
hierarchical scaling
Definition
size indicates rank; how far you must go to attain what Buddha attained
Term
Bodhisattva
Definition
a being who has attained perfect knowledge; takes a vow to forgo nirvana until all sentient beings find it; often heavily adorned; often hold attributes in hand that show aspects of personality, ie-padmapani
Term
mithuna
Definition
loving couples; notion of man and woman dualness and completeness
Term
mudra
Definition
symbolic hand gesture of Buddha
Term
asana
Definition
symbolic body poses of Buddha
Term
Buddha
Definition
holy being; born with thirty-two marks on body, like webbed fingers/toes, neck folds, long arms, protuberance on head; attained enlightenment
Term
puja
Definition
reverence/worship ritual or hospitality ritual; offering/worship to deities; important part of Buddhist/Hindu spirituality
Term
Brahman
Definition
divine ground of all being; unchanging, infinite, transcendant reality; also hgihest/Priest caste
Term
attributes
Definition
often held by Bodhisattva; displays aspects of personality
Term
circumambulation
Definition
walking around in circles, as in many vihara often in shape of svastika (unchanging center); walk around stupa in center
Term
darsan
Definition
seeing something/someone sacred and that person/thing seeing you; main purpose of Indic art is to provide darsan
Term
dharma
Definition
duty in physical world; correct path to enlightenment to escape samsara into moksa
Term
Mohammed
Definition
prophet of Islam/ founder of Islam
Term
Koran
Definition
holy text of Islam; literal word of God
Term
moghal
Definition
king with enormous wealth and power
Term
Mullah
Definition
Islamic clerghy who studied Koran and are considered experts on religious matters
Term
shakti
Definition
unquestioning love for God
Term
awakened
Definition
perfect awareness; knowledge/understanding of Upanisadic equation; compassion for all sentient beings
Term
naturalism
Definition
approach advocating factual/realistic representation of subject without stylization
Term
picturesque
Definition
fit to be made into a picture
Term
diaspora
Definition
any people or ethnic population forced or induced to leave the ethnic homeland, being dispersed throughout other parts of the world, and the ensuing developments in their dispersal and culture
Term
Sakyamuni Buddha
Definition
most recent Buddha; founded Buddhist monastic tradition; 4 noble truths/eightfold path
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