Term
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Definition
| Study of how people change and grow over time - physically, mentally and socially |
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Definition
| Laboratory studies of learning, motivation, emotion, sensation and perception, physiology and cognition |
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| Industrial/Organizational Psychology |
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Definition
| Study of behavior in the workplace. |
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Term
| Social and Personality Psychology |
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Definition
| study of attitudes, interpersonal attraction, conformity, and altruism. |
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Term
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Definition
states of arousal involving
physiological changes,
cognitive evaluations,
action tendencies,
and expressions to others |
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Term
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Definition
such as happiness, fear,
anger, surprise, disgust,
sadness
Deeply-rooted in our
biological heritage, emerge
early in life, and are
probably universal |
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Term
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Definition
such as guilt, pride,
gratitude,
embarrassment,
shame, empathy
not as biologically basic,
develop somewhat later in
life, and are strongly
affected by culture |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
accounts for many
of the physiological
changes associated with
emotion, such as rapid
heart rate, accelerated
breathing, and heightened
energy.
*mobilizes the
body’s resources to deal
with emergencies or
strenuous activity |
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Definition
*controls arousal and regulation of
survival-related emotions
Determines emotional importance of incoming sensory information; involved in learning, recognizing and expressing fear |
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Definition
social rules governing how
to appropriately express
emotion in social situations
• maximize
• minimize
• neutralize
• mask |
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Definition
Internal processes that
arouse, direct, and sustain
goal-directed behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Accomplishing goals for their
personal value |
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Term
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Definition
Accomplishing goals to obtain
rewards or avoid punishment |
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Term
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Definition
What an organism requires
to survive or function in a
healthy manner |
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Term
| Hypothalamus (Lateral, ventromedial) |
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Definition
The body’s internal regulator
monitors fat content, blood sugar, and stomach sensors)
Lateral - tells food is needed
Ventromedial - tells it is no longer needed |
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Definition
| Person who provides warmth and security |
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Term
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Definition
a child’s trust in the warmth
and care of significant adults |
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Term
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Definition
A process involving the recognition of
and response to threat or danger |
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Term
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Definition
| vital endocrine gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream, situated, in humans, on top of the upper end of each kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
stimulates the heart, constricts the small blood vessels, raises the blood pressure, liberates sugar stored in the liver, and relaxes certain involuntary muscles while contracting others.
*AKA Adrenaline |
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Term
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Definition
| it works alongside epinephrine / adrenaline to give the body sudden energy in times of stress, known as the "fight or flight" response |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrocortisone affects the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat; the maturation of white blood cells; the retention of salt and water in the body; the activity of the nervous system; and the regulation of blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
the application of
evolutionary principles to
psychological functioning |
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Term
| Species-typical Behaviors |
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Definition
behaviors that are
characteristic of a particular
animal species in its natural
environment |
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Term
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Definition
| The inherited characteristics that have remained part of our species are those that enabled humans to become better adapted to their environment(i.e., to survive and thrive) |
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Definition
| The study of animal behavior in its natural environment |
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Definition
| The young of certain species—ducks, for example—must be able to follow their parents almost from birth. |
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Definition
| Influenced by heredity AND environment |
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Term
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Definition
What you are like
Result of heredity interacting with environment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| influenced by many genes simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| each gene makes a contribution |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| medical specialty that helps parents and prospective parents evaluate and cope with their risk of passing hereditary disorders to their children. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| Nerves that branch out from the spinal cord to the rest of the body |
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Term
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Definition
controls sensory input to the
brain, and voluntary motor
activity |
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Term
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Definition
controls involuntary activity
related to internal organs
and glands |
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Term
Reticular Activating System
(Reticular Formation) |
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Definition
| controls the arousal and attention of the brain as a whole, including regulating sleep and waking |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates movement, balance and coordination |
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Term
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Definition
a relay station, sorting and
sending messages from elsewhere
in the nervous system to the
appropriate areas of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates essential body functions, including temperature, hunger, thirst, sex, and also emergency reactions to stress and emotion |
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Definition
| Controls storage of new memories |
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Definition
| Controls breathing, swallowing, digestion, heartbeat, blood pressure and other essentials |
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Term
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Definition
| contributes to sleeping, waking and dreaming |
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Term
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Definition
| large body of tissue surrounding old brain, regulating sensory, motor, and cognitive functions |
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Term
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Definition
| thin layer of densely-packed nerve cells covering the cerebrum, and regulating higher mental functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved with visual information processing |
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Term
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Definition
| processes and integrates auditory information from each ear; also involved in memory and emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| processes and integrates various kinds of sensory information (somatosensory cortex) |
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Term
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Definition
| assumes major role in especially human functions, including creativity, emotion regulation,language production, logical thinking, and personality (including planning future action, monitoring personal behavior,and strategic functioning)(motor cortex) |
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Term
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Definition
| The region of the cerebral cortex receiving the somatic sensory data from the ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a thick band of nerve fibers connecting each hemisphere,and assists in the transmission of messages between right and left sides of the brain |
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Term
| Hemispheric Specialization |
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Definition
| the specialized functions assumed by right and left hemispheres of the brain |
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Term
| Hemispheric Specialization |
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Definition
| the specialized functions assumed by right and left hemispheres of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the network of glands that releases hormones into the bloodstream to regulate the body’s functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural chemicals that influence organs throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
| “master gland” of the endocrine system that helps to activate other glands and also regulates growth |
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Term
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Definition
| Definitions of psychological processes that specify the objective procedures for measuring that process |
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Term
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Definition
• people act naturally: easy to generalize to everyday behavior
• many different influences on behavior run together |
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Term
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Definition
• provides control over many influences on behavior
• sometimes people act unnaturally |
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Term
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Definition
*An intensive, in-depth study of the life of one individual, gathering as many sources of information as possible
*conclusions may not generalize to anybody else
*understanding people with unusual experiences or characteristics |
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Term
| Reports from Secondary Sources |
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Definition
*psychologists learn about research subjects from people who know them well
*Informant may not be objective |
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| Psychophysiological Measures |
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Definition
*measures of body functioning that reflect psychological processes
*physiological reactions may be more truthful, informative
*affected by many things |
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Term
| Psychological Tests/Performance Measures |
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Definition
| Standardized instruments for systematically discovering what a person knows, thinks, or can do |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure in which a researcher measures the reactions of individuals to specific influences, as other influences are controlled |
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Term
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Definition
| Variable the researcher manipulates to study its effects (Cause) |
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Term
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Definition
| Variable researcher thinks will be affected by the independent variable (Effect) |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific procedures that manipulate the independent variable(the experimental group) |
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Term
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Definition
| The same procedures as the experimental condition except for the manipulation of the independent variable(the control group) |
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Term
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Definition
| calculations that provide a more objective judgment of the meaning of research results than our intuitions allow |
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Term
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Definition
| organize and summarize research findings |
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Term
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Definition
| evaluate the reliability or meaningfulness of research findings |
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Term
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Definition
is a statistical estimation of the reliability of research
results (“statistical significance” --fewer than 5 chances in 100 that findings could be random or due to chance) |
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Term
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Definition
| Letting participant know what the procedures of the experiment are, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of changes in behavior and thought that create and maintain mature competencies |
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Term
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Definition
| changes that occur in a predictable manner for most individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| changes that contribute to one's unique characteristics |
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Term
| 6 Catalysts of Development |
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Definition
| Genetic influences, social learning, cultural and historical conditions, physical ecology, critical life events, and the developing person's contributions (choices, interpretations, temperament) |
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Term
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Definition
THINKING IS BASED ON
SENSORY EXPERIENCE, AND
MOTOR ACTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
THINKING IS REPRESENTATIONAL
(words, concepts, symbols)
BUT ILLOGICAL |
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Term
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Definition
LOGICAL, OBJECTIVE THINKER
AND PROBLEM-SOLVER |
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Term
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Definition
THINKING CAN BE ABSTRACT
AND HYPOTHETICAL |
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Term
| Piaget's Theory of Development |
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Definition
developing person is an active learner
(like a scientist)
• development occurs in stages
• emphasis on both nature and
nurture
• children are not miniature adults
• children construct knowledge and
understanding (constructivism) |
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Term
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Definition
| Emotional bond to another person |
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Term
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Definition
| First attachment theorist |
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Term
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Definition
| Mary Ainsworth's experiment where secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, and avoidant-insecure attachment were discovered. |
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