Term
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Definition
| the detection of physical energy from the surrounding world...a stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the organization and interpretation of our sensations |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of nerves that give us the ability to detect the world around us |
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Definition
| consisting of the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| consisting of all the other nerves in the body outside of the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| a division of the peripheral...controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles |
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Definition
| a division of the peripheral...responsible for self-regulated action of internal organs and glands |
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Term
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Definition
| a division of the peripheral...responsible for self-regulated action of internal organs and glands |
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Term
| What are three types of neurons? |
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Definition
| motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the neuron which transmits an impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the neuron which receives the impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| the junction between two neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| brain tissue in the back of the eye which receives light |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor cells in the retina...sensitive to light, but not to colour |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor cells in the retina...sensitive to colour, but not to light |
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Term
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Definition
| the brain processes multiple things at once..for example a visual scene is broken down into colour, motion, form and dimension each processed by a separate neural team and then reconstructed by the brain |
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Term
| Name the four lobes of the brain. |
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Definition
| frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal |
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Term
| Which lobe contains the visual cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which lobe is responsible for recognition? |
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Definition
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Term
| Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory |
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Definition
| the retina has three types of colour receptors, each sensitive to one colour...red, green, blue |
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Term
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Definition
| visual information is analyzed in terms of the opponent colours...red/green, blue/yellow and black/white |
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Term
| Where are visual impulses relayed to en route to the visual cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which our sensory systems can encode stimulus energy into neural impulses which the brain can interpret |
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Term
| Name three parts of the ear. |
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Definition
| outer ear, middle ear, inner ear |
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Term
| What are the three structures of the middle ear? |
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Definition
| malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup) |
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Term
| How do hair receptor cells work? |
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Definition
| hair cells, which line the basilar membrane of the cochlea, are bent by the shear force of the fluid in the cochlea being pushed in and out...as a result they create a neural impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that we hear different pitches because sound waves of different wavelengths trigger activity at different places along the cochlea's basilar membrane..good for high pitch |
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Term
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Definition
| the suggestion that the whole basilar membrane vibrates with an incoming sound wave, but sends impulses at the same rate as the incoming sound wave...good for low pitch |
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Term
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Definition
| at any moment our awareness focuses on only one of many possible perceptions of that which we experience |
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Term
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Definition
| the phenomenon found in which the sense of vision outcompetes the other senses |
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Term
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Definition
| German meaning "form" or "whole" |
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Term
| Name the seven Gestalt laws. |
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Definition
| figure and ground, grouping, similarity, continuity, connectedness (Pragnanz), closure, proximity..the last five are a subset of grouping |
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Term
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Definition
| depth cues that depend on the use of two eyes |
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Term
| Name two examples of binocular cues. |
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Definition
| retinal disparity, convergence |
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Term
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Definition
| because the eyes are slightly apart from one another they receive slightly different images, using these two images the brain can compute distance...the greater the difference between the images the closer the object is |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object..the greater the inward strain, the closer the object is |
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Term
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Definition
| depth cues available to either eye alone |
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Term
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Definition
| the notion that we perceive objects as unchanging even if their retinal image may change |
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Term
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Definition
| a monocular cue in which parallel lines appear to converge with distance...if we perceive two objects of the same size retinal image, but linear perspective tells us that one is further away than the other, experience tells us that the object further away can only produce a retinal image the same size as the closer object if it is in fact larger than said object, and thus we perceive the object further away to be larger than the closer object |
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Term
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Definition
| in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced world |
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Term
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Definition
| a mental predisposition based on our experiences, assumptions and expectations that influences what we perceive |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the perceptual set...a pre-existing concept of what something should look like |
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Term
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Definition
| extra-sensory perception: the claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input |
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Term
| Name the constituent parts of the brainstem. |
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Definition
| medulla, pons, reticular formation |
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Term
| Name the constituent parts of the limbic system. |
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Definition
| hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala |
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Term
| In general, what does the limbic system control? |
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Definition
| emotion, eg. amygdala is associated with anger and fear, hippocampus with memory |
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Term
| Describe the location of each lobe of the brain. |
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Definition
| frontal (front/top), parietal (top/back), occipital (back), temporal (sides) |
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Term
| What structure is responsible for protecting the axons of neurons and for speeding up transmission of nerve impulses? |
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Definition
| myelin sheath (impulses jump on the nodes of Ranvier) |
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Term
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Definition
| an impairment of language, usually due to left hemisphere damage to either Broca's area or Wernicke's area |
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Term
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Definition
| the capacity of the brain to reorganize itself after damage...eg. visual cortex that is not being used by blind people is then used to increase touch sensitivity for reading Braille |
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of axon fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain |
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Term
| What's quite special about left handed people? |
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Definition
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