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| Discovered by E. Rutherford and Niels Bohr |
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| Dmitri Mendeleev arranged/organized first periodicity of elements |
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| Discovered by J. J. Thomson |
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| The study of matter, its properties, the changes that matter undergoes and the energy assosiated with those changes |
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| Anything that has mass and volume |
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| types and amounts of simpler substances that make up a sample of matter |
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| Characteristics that give each substance a unique identity |
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Those that a substance shows without interaction with another substance
ex: color, melting point, boiling point, and density |
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Those that show once interacted with or transformed into another substance
ex: flamability, corrosiveness |
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| Also known as Celcius (C*) |
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| Multiplication/Division Sig Figs |
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| Number of sig figs in the result equals the number in the least precise measurement used in the calculation |
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| Number of sig figs in the result depends on number of decimal places in least accurate measurement |
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| agreement between measured value and accepted value |
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| agreement between repeated measurements |
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Number of Protons
Also Number of Neutrons |
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| atoms of an element with same number of protons, but different number of neutrons |
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| 1 mole = 6.022x10^23 particles |
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| The number of cycles the wave undergoes per second, expressed in units of 1/second = s^-1 = Hz |
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Distance between any point on a wave and the corresponding point on the next crest (or trough) of the wave
ex: the distance the wave travels during 1 cycle |
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The height of the crest or depth of the trough
Also known as intensity |
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| c = (frequency)(wavelength) |
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Highest Energy starting from the left
ex: gamma rays
Longest Wavelength starting from right
ex: radio waves |
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| Developed Quantum Theory to descrive properties of light based on the idea the energy is absorbed and emitted in discrete quanta |
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E = nhv
where E is energy, h is planck's constant, and v is the frequency |
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| the difference between each energy state is the (frequency)(planck's constant) |
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| a photon of minimum E must be absorbed for an e- to be freed. E depends on frequency |
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symbol = O w/ vertical line through it
*also equals (h)(v w/ 0 as subscript)
minimum energy required to release e- from metal surface |
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| KE = (hv) - (work function) |
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discrete energy levels
(looks like stair steps) |
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smooth transition between levels
(looks like a ramp) |
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E of photon = (E of state a) - (E of state b) = hv
Change in E = (E:final)-(E:initial)
Also = hv = hc/wavelength |
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Increase = absorption (gain) of energy
Decrease = emission (loss) of energy |
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1/wavelength = R {1/n1^2 - 1/n2^2}
where R is the Rydberg Constant (1.096776x10^7 m^-1) |
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E = mc^2
Combine w/ E = hv = hc/wavelength to get wavelength = h/mu where m is mass and u is speed |
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wavelength = h/mc = h/p and
p = h/wavelngth |
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Describes motion of electron waves as they vary with location and time
Wave function squared defines the orbital of high probability for locating an electron |
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