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Middle East
final
33
International Studies
Not Applicable
05/30/2005

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Term
Location
Definition
crossroad of three continents -therefore: hub of trade and cultural diffusion
Term
Major demographics and beliefs of Judaism
Definition
started 1800's (bC) monotheistic -God=Yahweh, language= hebrew- holybook-Torah (Tanach) -15-18 mill. ppl, Moses received torah (founder)
Term
beliefs of Judaism
Definition
1 God is the creator and ruler of universe -waiting for coming of Messiah (which is predicted in Torah)
Term
holidays
Definition
passover: return from Egypt, receives 10 commandments -rosh hashanah-New year -yom kippur
Term
wailing Wall
Definition
in Jerusalem, sacred place, left from one of temples
Term
dome of the rock
Definition
Islam-Muhammad ascended to to heaven,Jerusalem on Rock
Term
Holy sepulchre
Definition
Christian burial and reserection
Term
Jewish diaspora
Definition
(70ce) Romans kicked Jews out -> scattered -won't get home again until 1948->end of holocaust->dympa this
Term
Jihad
Definition
"holy war"-"struggle"
Term
Struggle
Definition
Greater-struggle w/in self-spiritual- meditate upon becoming a better muslim VS. lesser-one has right to defend his own beliefs-Muhammad had to defend himself-> kill # of ppl
Term
Crusades
Definition
1095 pope sent armies to claim holy lands for christians -sins will be forgiven during crusades in god's name
Term
Arab culture
Definition
no alcohol (dehydrated), less crime, more strict
Term
Ottoman Empire
Definition
peak=1400's- 1500's -(19th cent) "gentleman's agreement" are : "sick man" -hands off to to Ottoman's until end of WWI (no one can touch it/claim it till war over)
Term
9/11/22
Definition
British occupation of Palestine (took it away)
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition
Religious extremism -ppl who have an extreme interpretation of their faith and how to practice it -extreme to common followers of that faith -minority and not mainstream -not islam alone-> there are extremists in every religon *islam gets more attention b/c 9/11/01
Term
!948 War
Definition
Israeli war of independence- egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, -Us & GB-> won -> Israel takes parts that dont belong to them -> both sides violated UN- UN's proposal (1947) = 2 states Jewish Arab and Neutral Jerusalem - Jews accept and Arabs decline (500,000 Arab refugees -> you did to us what Romans did to you- finger pointing on both sides
Term
Six Day War (1967)
Definition
Israel declares war on Egypt, Syria, Jordan -Israel wins again- takes Gaza strip, West Bank, East Jeru. & Golon heights, Sinai Pen.
Term
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Definition
Arabs (Syria and egypt) attack on Yom Kippur -(day of worship for Jews) Israel wins again but no lands were exchanged
Term
Current Events
Definition
Peace possibility since still conflict today
Term
1979-Camp david Accords
Definition
Egypt recognized Israel as nation
Term
1993- Oslo Accords
Definition
Pale. recognize Israel -> Arafat promisess no terrorism -> West Bank self-governed
Term
2000- Camp david 2
Definition
Arafat withdraw
Term
2001-Ariel Sharon
Definition
Israel/Palestine PM
Term
2004 death of Arafat
Definition
->Mahmoud Abbas elected
Term
Yassir Arafat
Definition
Head of Palestine Liberation Organization
Term
Menachem Begin
Definition
PM of Irael who starts peace process
Term
Anwar sadat
Definition
Infitah=opening; encourage foreign, private investment
Term
intifada
Definition
uprising; young palestinians rebelled against soldiers
Term
1979 revolutions
Definition
First extreme success
Term
saddam Hussein
Definition
1979 came to power in Iraq 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war- Khomeini vs. Hussein -US supported Iraq since dont like Khomeini ended in stalemate
Term
1991-Gulf War
Definition
Hussein claims Kuwait for oil -claims it is rightfully part of Iraq- Hussein agressor -UNsays no reason for war ->Kuwait soverieign nation -Hussein loses, 500,000 dead from sanctions ->wernt allowed to sell oil
Term
Modern issues
Definition
War in Iraq, US and coalition decided war 1st, no UN support 3000 innocents killed in uS 106000 in Iraq -forwar- though had weapons of mass des., Ruthless dictator against -Hussein not friendly w/ Bin Laden, why not, target other?
Term
5 Pillars
Definition
Shahadah (faith) 2Salat (prayer) 5xday 3Zakat donate to charity 4.fast (during ramadan) 5. Hajj-once during life-pilgrimage to Mecca
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