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| A poltical outlet based on religion which tends to consist of 1. a welfare and charity system, 2. duty to bring about the sharia or an Islamic state etc, 3. catch all for movements and activists. OR simply the political aspects of Islam and includes a reinvention of concepts borrowed from Islamic tradition. |
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| The same thing as political Islam. |
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| People who practice Islam |
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| A group of people who share the connection of Islam. Ex: Muslim Brotherhood?, Islamic charity organization, mosque |
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| An Islamic organization that has more political aspects and has a more widespread and broader purpose than an organization. Ex: Wahhabism, Salafism, Shiite, Sunni |
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| A formal state sanctioned Islamic party that competes in elections. Ex: Hamas, Baath |
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| Founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928 in Egypt. Started out as a school teacher and watch repairer. He felt that Islam should be a unifying force. He wanted a social welfare system separate from the state. (how?) Pro education and health reform. Wanted grassroots change. Focused on local level change first. Felt westernization was an infection. Claimed west degraded women. A bridge b/w early and later thinkers (like who?) Nasser cracked down on the Brotherhood after al-Banna died. |
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| An author who initially was pro west until he went there for 2 years and hated it. He then joined the Muslim Brotherhood. Feels that anyone who does not practice Islam is ignorant. Says anyone can change? |
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| starts to be reinvigorated in the 1970s. Comes to fruitition in 1980s due to economic problems such as unemployment, lack of education, poverty, and declining oil prices. Nasser blamed for this retrospectively by many. |
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| All muslim, well educated population, women have rights, ruled by Ben Ali until Arab spring, 1st country involved in arab sprig. maybe add more |
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Space b/w the gov and the private sector.
Caprico def: An association b/w govts and households and b/w public state sector and the commercial economy. Considered separate from religion. Modern concept started by de Toqueville. ex: bowling leagues, book clubs, AARP, NRA. There is a belief that civil society strengthens democracy. Putnam backed that theory |
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The term used to argue that someone makes choices based on inherent conditions. ex:location, wealth, family, religion etc
Opportunity structure matters because it influences what group a person joins in the first place. Income/education can affect participation rates and stuff like a poll tax can too. |
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| What leads to good government? |
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| Good institutions leads to good outcomes such as democracy, a good economy, and high participation. Could be a chicken and egg problem here. |
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| Social networks, trusts etc. The sum of one's personal networks and individual affiliations. |
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Broadening. The concept of people who are very different coming together. ex: people from diverse backgrounds going to a university,
How would this apply to the Middle East? |
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Between. The concept of like minded people coming together into a group. Ex: A college frat
How would this apply to the Middle East?
clans and tribes |
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| Social Capital in US and Italy stuff |
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| U.S social capital has declined since the 1970s. Apparently states with higher social capital are more tolerant and have more economic equality. In Italy the north is way more successful than the south. Putnam attributed this to the social capital of the guilds in north italy that existed over a thousand years ago. Keep in mind technology has made organizations less formal |
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| Social Capital in Middle East |
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| People claim Middle East has a weak civil society leading to authoritarianism. Norton says a lot of this is orientalism and people are cynical. He believes Middle East can become democratic states. |
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| How common Middle East Authoritarian practices affect civil society |
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| Many authoritarian leaders did suppress civil society by taking control of industry and providing gov jobs and limiting social groups. Also, clans and tribes do not foster with civil society because they are bonding. Caprico feels civil society is based upon its opportunity structure. ex: its easiest for a group to meet in a mosque b/c it binds political and religious space. Nasser allowed civil society groups which propped up the regime. |
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Patronage seeking behavior, trying to get economic benefits from the regime. This behavior allows many opportunities for power within the regime's structure. Weeden mentions peer pressure in these societies are huge.
How can you take on a regime when you need to use its language? |
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| The assumption that people will make choices that maximize their utility. Remember there is a limited set of actors and resources involved. Issues include self v group interest, weighing of costs and benefits, trust, and amount of info. |
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The idea that individuals do not have much of an impact over outcomes.
Institutional/Lecture
More to this? |
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People do have the ability to choose and influence outcomes. Thinks nothing is predetermined. Agency often occurs in response to structure
Ex: Bouazizi lighting himself on fire |
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The rules and laws people operate within. There are some options available to people. Lots of choices available within the structure
• doesn’t solve chicken/egg problem |
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| Macro-structural determinism |
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| molecules being agents that they form but they follow the rules of physics, you may have democracy and wealth development but agency is departure from the avg |
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| A change of social order which has the support of the majority of the people. Not a coup. |
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| Why Arab Spring was hard to predict |
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Gov limits info by controlling media, people lack info on what others think,
Preference falsification- people keep feelings private
Threshhold curve- as one protests others follow
unclear if military's would repress the people
elites, middle class and moderates have a lot of influence |
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| Impact of Social Media on Arab Spring |
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Social media speeds up communication, lessens state control over information, harder for gov to cover things up, revives civil society
People used social media first
Represents a change in the opportunity structure
But gov can also use social media. Helps them identify opposition, they could shut it down, they can hack into it |
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| Arab Spring protests ended in March. Wealthier, stronger, and smarter than the other Arab governments. |
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| This is when patrons use state resources to secure the loyalty of the general population. |
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