Term
| No architecture survived in western europe survived during the middle ages |
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Definition
| false- very little survived |
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Term
| early medieval and romanesque churches were concentrated on using _____________ as their main source of material to protect their relics |
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Definition
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Term
| who was the noted "strongmen" during the feudal system that emerged and had great influence during the Medieval Period? |
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Definition
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Term
| during the Carolingian period and with some Benedictine influence, the main entrance to a chiurch beame a compact veritical unit with at least one tower, this was called the .... |
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Definition
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Term
| who was the noted "strongmen" during the feudal system that emerged and had great influence during the Medieval Period? |
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Definition
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Term
| during the Carolingian period and with some Benedictine influence, the main entrance to a chiurch beame a compact veritical unit with at least one tower, this was called the .... |
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Definition
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Term
| The abbey of ____ in France shows the severe, functional and modular building style of the Cistercians, the puritanical branch of the Benedictine Order |
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Definition
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Term
| the church and all of the supporting structures recommended for an ideal Benedictine monastery in the Carolingian era are found on the oldest architectural drawing from the Early Medieval period and is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| a single bay system defined a vault where diagonal ris divided it into seven sections is called a ____ vault. |
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Definition
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Term
| as much as Charlesmagne and his architects admired Roman building they lacked their +++++ necessary to buld them |
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Definition
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Term
| the church and all of the supporting structures recommended for an ideal Benedictine monastery in the Carolingian era are found on the oldest architectural drawing from the Early Medieval period and is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| a single bay system defined a vault where diagonal ris divided it into seven sections is called a ____ vault. |
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Definition
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Term
| the architects, Gunzo and Hezelon, found that vaults constructed on the profile of a pointed arch, or broken arch, exerted less ====== than the roman arch |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Palatine Chapel many materials were used that were brought from other buildings. Name two portions of the chapel that were made locally, |
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Definition
Bronze balustrades
Mosaics in the Dome |
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Term
| What Church contains the relics of the Virgin Mary and Jesus that are shown only every seven years?> |
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Definition
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Term
| Charlesmagne requred all monasteries within his realm should follow the =====, a flexible but rather specific set of regulations formulated for monks living communally |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two major components of a self sufficient monastery |
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Definition
had to have a source of water
located in a rural area |
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Term
| The vikings terrorized the Northern Africa and gained land for military outposts |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two major components of a self sufficient monastery |
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Definition
had to have a source of water
located in a rural area |
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Term
| The vikings terrorized the Northern Africa and gained land for military outposts |
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Definition
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Term
| an early christian church in Norway is called a ------ chruch. ,Its foundations are constructed of ------ on -------- |
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Definition
stave
chassis
foundation stones |
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Term
| who proclaimed toleration for all religions of the Roman Empire in 313 and allow Chirstians to have authoirty to contrct buildings for public worship and began the Early Christian period? |
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Definition
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Term
| much of Early Christian, Byzantine, Medieval and Romanesque building are based on the Roman ----- plan |
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Definition
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Term
| a ------ is a covered walk having an arcade on one side opening to an atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| name the church construced under COnstantine in 333 AD who used basilica form, but rather use transepts and an apse, it had an octagon at the head of the nave |
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Definition
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Term
| much of Early Christian, Byzantine, Medieval and Romanesque building are based on the Roman ----- plan |
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Definition
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Term
| six typical architectural PLAN elements of Romanesque church |
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Definition
-portico
-atrium
-cloister
-narthex
-nave
-aisles |
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Term
| In s. contanzo, the basilica form was rotated about the center axis to create a ------- building |
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Definition
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Term
who moved the capital from Rome to Byzantine in 330 AD, making it a new capital of the roman empire?
whats the name of the new city? |
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Definition
constantine the great
constantinople |
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Term
| who are the architects of the Hagia Sophia? |
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Definition
Anthemius of Tralles
Isidorus of Miletus |
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Term
| a m----- solved a practical structurl problem of covering a square with a round dome and gave it the ability to extend the interior space of Byzantine building |
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Definition
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Term
| a ------ is an arch of corbelling built across the upper inside corner of a square tower to support the side of a superimposed dome shape |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two general plan types the Byzantine churches followed with both plans found at the monastery of Hosios Luka in northwest Athens: |
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Definition
Cross in square plan with single dome
Cross in square of quincunx plan |
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Term
| In sharp contrast to the Cluniacs, the cistercians of the 11th centry, observed a stricter form of the enedictine Rule. Name three architectural elements that were different form the Cluniacs buildings |
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Definition
-discouraged sculptural ornament
-shunned expensive materials
-none of the following: towers, paved floors, stained glass |
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Term
| it is the best to understand Romaneque as a series of ----- which onver 150 years led them to refined masonry and structural techniques which led to the gothic period |
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Definition
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Term
| speyer cathedral, from the Ottonian period, first was designed with a ---- ceiling at its nave and then had later renovations and received ------ separated by ------ bands |
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Definition
flat
groin vaults
transerve arch bands |
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Term
| Lombard bands are ----- and ----- which are located at the exterior of a Romanesque building and completed by skilled masons |
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Definition
corbelled arches
pilaster strips |
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Term
| name the outstanding building completedin German Romanesque and its unusual characteric in its basilica |
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Definition
| st michael at Hildensherin-double ended basilica |
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Term
what is the bulding of the Italian Romanesque period that had a cruciform basilica and an oval dome raised on squinches and shallow pendentives?
The dome recals the church plans of the --- period |
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Definition
cathedral at Pisa
Byzantine |
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Term
| ------ is marked by dark and light stone set in arches as voussoirs or horizontal bands |
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Definition
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Term
| the famous leaning tower of Pisa is aclled a -----, it is now over --- ft out of plumb, what did they do to try to repair the sinking foundations during construction? |
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Definition
campanile
13ft
from the 3rd floor up they tilted the colms in the opposite direction |
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Term
| the medieval period was marked by two important religious institutions---- and ------ |
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Definition
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Term
| St. Sernin at Toulouse is ---- Romanesque. the biggest modifications of this local variant of the Romanesue period was ====== and ======= |
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Definition
-french
-4 chapels on on east transept
-5 radiating chapels around the apse |
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Term
| St sernin used barrel vaults across the nave with traanverse arch bands supported by tall thin columns called ------ |
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Definition
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Term
| what chruch and monastery group in the Burgundy Region of France had the features of mature Romanesque architecutre?===== . What two architectural features made this chruch more mature from anu other church in the rRomanesque period? |
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Definition
Cluny III
-double set of transepts
-broken barrell vault |
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Term
| List six architectural features of Early Romanesque Architecture- |
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Definition
-thick walls
-rounded arches
-sturdy piers
-groing vaults
-symmetrical
-massive quality |
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Term
| what type of architecture was declare dthe first international style of the medieval period? |
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Definition
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Term
| massive external butress pier attached by a slender arch to the wall and acts as a structurl member to counteract the outward thrust of an interior arch is called a ------ |
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Definition
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Term
| in 1140, the Gothic style of chruch architecture and philoshopy were born with the redisgn of the Abbey Church of St. Denis under the direction of ----- |
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Definition
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Term
| the windows of the a Gothic church are stabilized and decorated by geometric patterns of thin ornamental stonework known as ----- |
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Definition
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Term
| the english love of exuberantly ribed fan vaults in the the ---- style can be seen in ------ at Cambridge University |
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Definition
perpendicular
chapel at kings college |
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Term
| describe the process of flash glass and which building it was used to great extent |
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Definition
notre dane chartres
-glass that is clear-heated + dipped in color so spread out faster so it is cheaper to make |
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Term
| while incorporating the double transepts of Cluny III and the modular features used by Cistercians, ----- (building) still manages to pressent a fine example of the Early english gotchic style in its simplicity of design |
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Definition
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Term
| after two major firs, this 12th centyry french gothic cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary was rebuilt w/ flying buttresses planned from the start permitting the inclusion of large cleestories still holding most of their orinial stained galss- |
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Definition
| Notre Dame of Chartres (1194-1230) |
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Term
| a single bay system defined by a vault where two diagonal ribs divide it into four sections is called a ------ cault |
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Definition
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Term
| in the 13th century, king lous IX built this glass jewel box of a palace chapel in Paris to house the relics of the crucifiction |
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Definition
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Term
| ===== is the final phase of medieval architecture |
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Definition
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Term
| unlike romanesque buildings, in which a continuous mass of wall is necessary to sustain the load, the gotic stucture is ____ system that transfers roof loads to the ground through equally divided piers, thereby freeing larges epanses of wall to be opened for ------ |
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Definition
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Term
| name the three key architectural elements of gothic architecture |
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Definition
pointed arches
rib vaults
flying buttresses |
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Term
| ----- vaults are used to decorate the arris created at a diagonal fold of ---- vault |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two main differences in the plan of notre dame of paris and notre dame of laon? |
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Definition
notre dame laon- square apse, larger transept
paris- round apse, hardly any transept |
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Term
| name three architectural features you do not find on a romanesque building that you do find on a gothic building--- |
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Definition
flying buttresses
windows w/ tracery
piers of colonnettes or shafts bunled around a core |
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Term
| describe the triforium of a gothic building |
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Definition
| center of gothic cathedral- narrow passageway below clerestory |
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Term
T of F
the term notre dame is used to dedicate a building to the virgin mary |
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Definition
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Term
| the term gothic was first applied in the 17th century to denote designs not based from --- |
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Definition
| precedent from classical antiguity |
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Term
| what building is the purest form example of early gothic? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three divisions of the interior wall of a gothic church? |
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Definition
nave archade
triforium
clerestoruy windows |
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Term
| ----- are stones that project from the corners of a gothic tower spire |
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Definition
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Term
| who were the designers of the south and north transept windows on the Notre Dame of Paris? |
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Definition
Jean de Chelles
Piere de Montreull |
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Term
| who is the architect for Notre Dame of Chartes? |
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Definition
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Term
| at Notre Dame Chartes, the simple shapes, -, -, and - are used througout the plan |
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Definition
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Term
| in Notre Dame of Chartes, the ------ simplified the interior elevations to three divisions, in the process, the ----- increased in size greatly and the vaulting shifted from sexpartite to quadripartite |
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Definition
flying buttresses
clerestory windows |
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Term
| a land-owning family might in havit a house divided into a ==== and a -----. The ---- was the major gathering and entertaining space. the ---- was a more private space reserved for family. |
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Definition
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Term
| what did builders discover besides being used for decoratiion, when they started using a rib vault? |
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Definition
| the gave support to the vault web |
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Term
| robert mark is an engineer who researched the structurl behavior of historic buildings ,what did he discover in his research? in what countries was the structural reseacrch implemented? |
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Definition
spain + italy
Bourges, much like Chartes. same height and area. used less stone by adding double aisle- stronger + cheaper |
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Term
| the middle phase of french gothic is called the ----- style and is characterized by circular indows with radiating lines of tracery |
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Definition
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Term
| ------ (building) retains most of its stained glass and illustrates the sotories the old testament and the new testaments in chronological order |
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Definition
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Term
| a ---- arch creates less of an outward thrust than a ==-- arch |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three overlapping phases of english gothic and their dates |
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Definition
early english gothic 1175-1265
decorated english gothic 1250-1370
perpindicular english gothic 1330-1570 |
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Term
| the building design at Lincoln Cathedral resulted in a splendid combination of English Gothic periods. Lincoln offers several novel architectural features. note two of these: |
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Definition
Crazy vaulting
ten-sided chapter house |
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Term
| the regional variant of a local tradition was common outside of England and France. The ====== was characteristic of German Gothic |
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Definition
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Term
| todays largest and most ambitious gothic church is ------ . the height of the nave is --- feet and was first constucted w.o flying buttresses |
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Definition
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Term
| opinions were obtained from multiple sources for construction of the Milan Cathedral, including Italians, french and germans, in the end, the italian mathematician ------- ----- was used to complete the design |
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Definition
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Term
| process of master builder |
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Definition
| training- apprentice-craft for 3/7 years- journeyman with sketchbook- present masterpiece |
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Term
| master builder, =====, 1225-1250 provides us with the earliest examples of architectural drawings and sketches |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
Monks built the large monastery churches of the Gothic Period |
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Definition
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Term
| westminster hall in london is the grandest examples of english monumental ------ construction. the roof is constructed with a --------. |
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Definition
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Term
| describe a typical medieval house barn or longhouse |
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Definition
| rectangular plan. entered through doorway on side, cross ventilation + deviding the building into two sections-open hearth for cooking and other stalls for animals |
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Term
| the ----- is perhaps the most famous example of Venetian Gothic |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
Medieval house forms are relfected in the earliest american architecture |
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Definition
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Term
| salisbury cathedral presents a rare example of ------- gothic cathedral bilt almost entirley in a homogenous style. a local stone, called ----- was used to articulate the trim and shafts of the interior |
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Definition
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