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It is the solid part of the Earth
It consist of rocks and soil |
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It is the air surronding the earth
It controls the weather and climate
It consists of different gases:
Oxygen (21%) Nitrogen (78%) Inert gases (1%) |
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| It is the part of the Earth that consist of oceans, rivers, lake, spring etc |
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Definition
They are formed through the cooling of magma or lava outside of a volcano or on the surface of the earth
They are crystalline in structure
They are formed throught the cooling of magma
They do not occur in layers |
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Definition
They are special types of igneous rocks formed through the cooling of magma outside of the volcano or the suface of the earth.
Example: Basalt |
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| They are special types of igneous rocks formed inside the volcano or inside the earth |
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Definition
They are formed from sediments or particles over a long period of time. They are usually formed underwater. They usually contain fossils of dead plants, animals or insects They usually occur in layers
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It refers to the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed through materials and particles from different rocks.
Example:Sandstone |
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It refers to the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed through the decay of dead plants, animals and insects usually over a long period of time
Example:Limestone |
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It refers to the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed from chemical solution in the salty river (such as the Dead Sea).
When evaporation of the salty river takes place, rocks are formed.
Example:Rock Salt |
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Definition
They are rocks that have changed as a result of great heat and pressure over a long period of time.
They can either be Igneous or Sedimentary rocks originally
Examples:1.Clay -> Slate
2.Limestone -> Marble |
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Definition
| It is the break down of rocks |
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Definition
| It is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without any changes in the physical process |
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Definition
It occurs in cold climate. As water enters a crack in the rock, the water freezes, making the rock expand and break into smaller particles
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Term
| Exfoliation (Onion Weathering) |
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Definition
| It occurs in the process of heating and cooling of rocks over time. The process of heating and cooling makes the surface of the rocks to peel off like onions |
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| It is the process by which rock particles are broken down into smaller pieces as a result of a tree roots penetrating the rocks |
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Definition
It is the breakdown of rocks as a result of chemical interactions. Rainwater is slightly acidic - because carbon dioxide from the air dissolves in it. Minerals in rocks may react with the rainwater, causing the rock to be weathered.
Example:Limestone Solution or Carbonation |
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Definition
| It describe the downhill movement of weathered material under the force of gravity |
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Definition
| It is the slowest form of downhill movement occurring on very gentle and well vegetated slopes. Soil creep in often initiated if the ground becomes saturated with water allow gravity to pull the water logged soil down slope |
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Definition
| It is the flow of water that contains large amounts of suspended particles and silt. This occur in steep slopes where vegetation is not sufficient to prevent rapid erosion but can occur on gentle slopes if other conditions are met. The water may rush down a mountain side at speed as 100km/p/h and can cause great damage to life and property |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a very rapid movement of rocks and sediment down slope. The rapid movement of these rock and sediment down slope often lead to the loss of lives and destruction of properties |
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