Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Mid-Term Vocab
Science Vocab
104
Science
7th Grade
01/04/2016

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
  1. Trait
Definition
characteristic that something has
Term
Organism
Definition
another name for a living thing
Term
Traits of Living Things
Definition
  • use energy
  • have at least one cell(DNA)
  • they reproduce
  • grow and develop
  • have lifespans
  • respond to their environment
Term
Cell
Definition
the basic unit of life, makes up all living things
Term
Sexual Reproduction
Definition

When one or two parents create offspring

(involves sperm and egg cells)

Term
Asexual Reproduction
Definition
involves one parent to produce offspring
Term
Adaptation
Definition
a trait that is usually inherited so that an organism can survive in its environment
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
maintaining constant, steady conditions inside the body no matter what is happening outside the body.
Term
Stimulus
Definition
something that causes an organism to RESPOND in some way
Term
Response
Definition
how an organism reacts to stimulus
Term
Life Span
Definition
the amount of time an organism is expected to live
Term
Respiration
Definition
the process that occurs in the mitochondria of cells, for respiration to occur. cells must have glucose and oxygen.
Term
Respiration
Definition

C6H12O6+O2>>>ENERGY+CO2+H2O

glucose+oxygen>>>ATP+Carbon Dioxide+Water

Term
Habitat
Definition
the place where an organism lives
Term
Ecology
Definition
the study of interactions between living things and the environment
Term
Biosphere
Definition
the water, air, and land on earth
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
all living things and non-living things in a specific
Term
Population
Definition
the number of organisms of the same species in a certain area
Term
Community
Definition
the populations of all species living in an ecosystem
Term
Producers (Autotrophs)
Definition

organisms that make their own food (Photosynthesis)

ex. Plants, algae, etc.

Term
Consumers (Heterotrophs)
Definition
organisms that can't make their own food and need to eat
Term
Herbivores
Definition
eat only plants
Term
Carnivores
Definition
eat only animals
Term
Omnivores
Definition
eat both plants and animals
Term
Decomposers (Saprophytes)
Definition
break down dead material to release nutrients
Term
Parasites
Definition
heterotrophs that must use a host organism for food and/or shelter. The parasite harms the host in some way.
Term
Food Chain
Definition
shows who eats whom and how energy is transferred from one organism to another
Term
Food Web
Definition
several food chains linked together
Term
Electron Microscope
Definition
uses electrons to illuminate-1,000,000x
Term
Total Magnification
Definition
multiply the eyepiece by the objective lens
Term
Eyepiece
Definition
contains magnifying lenses you look through
Term
Turret
Definition
revolving nose piece, holds and turns the objective lens
Term
Stage
Definition
supports the microscope slide
Term
Stage Clips
Definition
holds the microscope slide in place
Term
Illuminator
Definition
a light source
Term
Arm
Definition
supports the body tube on the microscope
Term
Base
Definition
provides support for the microscope
Term
Fine Adjustment Knob
Definition
sharpens the image under high magnification
Term
Coarse adjustment
Definition
focuses the image under high magnification
Term
Low Power Objective
Definition
contains the lens with the lowest power magnification
Term
High Power Objective
Definition
contains the lens with the highest magnification
Term
Mr. Hooke
Definition
discovered cells in 1665 and made up the word "cell"
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
  • All living things are made of cells
  • All cells must come from other cells
  • The cell is the basic unit of life
Term
Nucleus
Definition
"brain of the cell", contains DNA
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
acts like the "skin" of the cell, protects the cell
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
the "blood" of the cell, holds the cells organelles("little organs")
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
the organelle that releases ENERGY (ATP) for the cell and is where respiration occurs
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
the "highway system" of the cell, transports materials from the cell
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
tiny structures that build PROTEINS that cells need
Term
Golgi Body
Definition
organelle that "packages" and "ships" materials that the cell needs
Term
Lysosome
Definition
organelle that produces chemicals to break down food and dead cell parts
Term
Vacoule
Definition
organelle that stores food, water, and waste
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
organelle that traps sunlight so that plant cells can make food through photosynthesis
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
pigment that gives plant cells the green color, helps with plant food production (photosynthesis)
Term

 Prokaryote

(Prokaryotic)

Definition
a type of cell without a nucleus, but it does have DNA
Term

Eukaryote

(Eukaryotic)

Definition
a type of cell with a nucleus
Term

DNA

(Deoxyribonucleicacid)

Definition
the #blueprint# for all life, meaning that it contains instructions to making living things
Term
Rosalind Franklin
Definition
She created "Photo 51" which showed that DNA is a double helix
Term
"Photo 51"
Definition
showed the shape of DNA produced by Rosalind Franklin using an x-ray camera
Term
James Watson and Francis Crick
Definition
scientists that recieved credit for "discovering" the shape of DNA in the 1950's, they won the nobel piece prize
Term
Nitrogen Bases
Definition
they create the "steps" or "rungs" of the DNA ladder
Term
Adenine
Definition

nitrogen base

*will always be with Thymine

Term
Thymine
Definition

nitrogen base

*always paired with Adenine

Term
Guanine
Definition

nitrogen base

*will always pair with cytosine

Term
Cytosine
Definition

nitrogen base

*always paired with Guanine

Term
Double Helix
Definition
the twisted ladder shape of the DNA
Term
Rungs
Definition
"steps" on a ladder
Term
Chromosome
Definition
a bundle or package of DNA, means "colored body"
Term
Gene
Definition

located on a chromosome and determines traits

*Humans have 25,000-30,000 genes!

Term
Zygote
Definition
forms when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell
Term

Heterozygous

(different and refers to zygote)

Definition
describes when parents donate different forms of a gene(alleles) to the zygote
Term

Homozygous

(same)

Definition
describes when parents donate the same form of a gene(allele) to the zygote
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
tool that can be used to determine the probability of certain traits appearing in offspring
Term
Mutation
Definition
a change in DNA. The change can be helpful at times, harmful or neutral
Term
Mitosis
Definition
the method that body cells use to reproduce, very similiar to fission
Term
Cancer
Definition
is basically "cell reproduction gone wild" or mitosis "out of control"
Term
Meiosis
Definition
method of sex cells (sperm & egg) use to reproduce. After meiosis, there will be 4 sex cells that have half the chromosomes
Term
Diploid (2n)
Definition
another name for a body cell. It has twice as many chromosomes as a haploid (sex cell)
Term

Haploid

(n)

Definition
another name for a sex cell. It has half the chromosome # of body cells.
Term
Genotype
Definition
made up of DNA (genes), is inherited from parents and cannot be seen by looking at an organism
Term
Phenotype
Definition
it's the expression of the genotype. It's the trait that can be seen by looking at an organism
Term
Dominant Gene
Definition
the gene that "covers up", "masks", or "hides" the recessive gene. We use a capital letter to represent it.
Term
Recessive Gene
Definition
the gene that is "covered up", "masked", or "hidden" by the dominant gene.
Term
Fission
Definition
asexual reproduction where a parent organism divides into two identical offspring
Term
budding
Definition
asexual reproduction where the offspring grow off the body of a parent
Term
Regeneration
Definition
asexual reproduction where offspring can grow from a piece or part of the parent. It also can mean the ability to grow back missing body parts.
Term

Parthenogenesis

"Virgin birth"

Definition
asexual reproduction where a female can produce offspring from un-fertilized eggs
Term
Sexual Reproduction
Definition
when two parent individuals produce offspring, requires sperm and egg cells
Term
Hermaphrodite
Definition
an organism that has both male and female reproductive parts.
Term
Sperm
Definition
male sex cell
Term
Egg
Definition
female sex cell
Term

Virus

(comes from latin word meaning poison)

Definition
incredibly tiny particles made up of DNA and protein, needs to invade living cells to reproduce
Term
Toxin
Definition
another name for poison
Term
Edward Jenner
Definition
created the first "safe" vaccine for small pox in 1796
Term
Vaccine
Definition
a "shot" that helps prevent diseases viral and some bacterial
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
a drug(medicine) used to treat bacterial diseases
Term
"Demon in the Freezer"
Definition
the "demon" refers to the small pox virus that is stored in a freezer at the CDC
Term
Bioterrorism
Definition
when terrorists use disease causing organism as weapons to create fear and panic in people plus kill them
Term
CDC
Definition
Centers for Disease Control, located in Atlanta, Ga.
Term
"Iron Lung"
Definition
special machine that helped polio victims breathe
Term
The "Big Six"
Definition
six biological weapons that cause the greatest concern and are being "watched" by the U.S.
Term
Pathogen
Definition
something that can cause a disease
Term
Epidemic
Definition
a disease that spreads quickly within a specific area and infects lots of people
Term
Pandemic
Definition
occurs when a disease spreads around the world
Supporting users have an ad free experience!