• brainstorming
• clustering
• free writing
• journal enteries

Characteristics:

• does not follow chronological sequence
• implied narrative but no real story has taken place
• suspects objects in time

1. Summer Ritauls by Ray Bradbury
2. Notes from the Country Club by Kimberly Wozencraft
3. The Pines by John Mchpee

Charachterisitcs

• Narrator ask the reader to follow a series of actions through a particualr time sequence
• Working with narration helps us see the clear sequence seperate from mental functions

1. For My Indian Daughter by Lewis Sawaquat
2. New Directions by Maya Angelou
3. Leffingwell Elementry School by Firoozeh Dumas
4. Only Daughter by Sandra Cisneros
5. The Saturday Evening Post by Russell Baker

Point of Views

• Person: gramatical distinction identifying the writer's particular context
• Vintage Past: the frame refrence of the narrator in a story; far from the action, looking back in the action, or repainting the past
• 
  Attitude of Narratoor: personal feelings about the subject
• Coherence: the manner in which an essay hold together its main ideas. Demonstrate clear purpose between thesis and its logical structure.
• Unity: exists in an essay when all ideas originate from and help support a central thesis statement.

4 Fundamental Qualities

1. An accurate sense of purpose and audience
2. A clear vision of objects being discribed
3. A careful selection of details that help communicate author's message
4. A consistent point of view.

shows you rather than tells by supplying concrete detailed refrences to what we can see,smell,taste,hear,or touch to support abstract ideas such as faith, hope understanding, and love by providing specifics and giving difinitive refrences.

Charctersitcs:

• Example are important ingreadients to produce exciting vivid prose and can be very persuasive
• example shelp think critically means seeinf a definite order in a series of specific, concrete illustrations

1. The Baffling Question by Bill Cosby
2. Public and Private Language by Richard Rodriguez
3. Darkness at Noon by Harold Krents
4. You are not my friend by Joel Stein
5. A Brother's Murder by Brent Staples

A process is a procedure that follows a series of steps or stages; analysis involves taking a subject apart and explainining its components in order to be understand the whole. Process analysis then explains an action,event, or mechanisim from beginning to end.

• no other thinking patter will force the reader to slow down as much as process analysis because it wont make any sense if slightest details are left out.
• gives you a better understanding of the various mental procedures going in your head.
• everything you do consist of a complex series of learned patterns involving process analysis.

1. Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain by Jessica  Mitford
2. Toughen Up by Alice Kelly
3. Learing how to Read by Malcolm X

1. Exposition: to expose ideas to your readers to explain,define, and interpret information in these modes of exposition: analysis,definition, and cause/effect
2. Description: mode of writing that relates to the sights, sounds, tastes, smell, and feeling of a particular experience to readers.
3. Narration: storytelling the recounting of series of event arranged in a particular order or delivered by a narrator to a specific audience with a clear purpose on mind.
4. Persuasive: Main purpose is to convince the reader to think, act, or feel a certain way. It involves appealing to reason, emotion, and sense of ethics.

Principles of Figures of Speech(6)

1. Metaphor: an implied comparison that brings 2 dissimilar objects. makes understand one object better.
2. Simile: comparing two things using like or as
3. Hyperbole: exaggiration for the sake of emphasizing or comedic effect.
4. Allusion: influence to a well known person, place, or event from life or literature
5. Personification: ascribes human characteristics to an abstarction,animal,idea,or animate object.
6. Figuritive Language: writing or speaking that depart from the literal meanings of words to achieve a vivid exposition and or imaginative image.