Term
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Definition
| Colored or clear specimen against bright background. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple to use; relatively inexpensive; stained specimens often required. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use: Observation of killed stained specimens and naturally colored live ones; also used to count microorganisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bright specimen against dark background. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use a special filter in the condenser that prevents light from directly passing through a specimen; only light scattered by the specimen is visible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use: Observation of living, colorless, unstained organisms. |
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Term
| Phase-contrast microscope |
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Definition
| Specimen has light and dark areas. |
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Term
| Phase-contrast microscope |
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Definition
| Use a special condenser that splits a polarized light beam into two beams, one of which passes through the specimen, and one of which bypasses the specimen; the beams are then rejoined before entering the oculars; contrast in the image results from the interactions of the two beams. |
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Term
Phase-contrast microscope and differential interference contrast microscope
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Definition
| Use: Observation of internal structures of living microbes. |
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Term
| Differential interference contrast microscope |
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Definition
| Image appears three dimensional. |
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Term
| Differential interference contrast microscope |
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Definition
| Use two separate beams instead of a split beam; false color and a three-dimensional effect result from interactions of light beams and lenses; no staining required. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brightly colored fluorescent structures against dark background. |
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Term
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Definition
| An ultraviolet light source causes fluorescent natural chemicals or dyes to emit visible light. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use: Localization of specific chemicals or structures; used as an accurate and quick diagnostic tool for detection of pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single plane of structures or cells that have been specifically stained with fluorescent dyes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use a laser to fluoresce only one plane of the specimen at a time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use: Detailed observation of structures or cells within communities. |
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Term
| Transmission electron microscope |
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Definition
| Monotone, two-dimensional highly magnified images; may be color-enhanced. |
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Term
| Transmission electron microscope |
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Definition
| Produce two-dimensional image of ultrastructure of cells. |
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Term
| Transmission electron microscope |
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Definition
| Use: Observation of internal ultrastructural detail of cells and observation of viruses and small bacteria. |
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Term
| Scanning electron microscope |
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Definition
| Monotone, three-dimensional, surface images; may be color-enhanced. |
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Term
| Scanning electron microscope |
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Definition
| Produce three-dimensional view of the surface of microbes and cellular structures. |
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Term
| Scanning electron microscope |
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Definition
| Use: Observation of the surface details of structures. |
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Term
| Scanning tunneling probe microscope and Atomic force probe microscope |
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Definition
| Individual molecules and atoms visible. |
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Term
| Scanning tunneling probe microscope |
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Definition
| Measure the flow of electrical current between the tip of a probe and the specimen to produce an image of the surface at atomic level. |
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Term
| Scanning tunneling probe microscope |
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Definition
| Use: Observation of the surface of objects; provide extremely fine detail, high magnification, and great resolution. |
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Term
| Atomic force probe microscope |
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Definition
| Measure the deflection of a laser beam aimed at the tip of a probe that travels across the surface of the specimen. |
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Term
| Atomic force probe microscope |
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Definition
| Use: Observation of living specimens at the molecular and atomic levels. |
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