Term
|
Definition
| Postmortem clot in which RBCs are uniformly distributed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Presence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing degeneration are indicative of: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the main cell in acute inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Factor in determining the direction of locomotion (ex. tissue substances that summon WBCs and macrophages following injury) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mucosal lining of bronchi changes to stratified squamous epithelium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The supernatant (no RBCs) in a postmortem clot looks like: |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the two main CNS cells is least likely to regenerate? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Condition in which excess lipofuscin is deposited in the colon and appendix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What condition is associated with chronic users of pigemented-type cathartics (ex. Rhubarb) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large extravascular hemorrhage forming a tumor-like swelling |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of vessel walls |
|
Definition
| What may be the result of a septic embolus? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Whole body inflammation due to a pathogen entering the blood stream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basophilic stippling of RBCs may indicate poisoning with: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Butterfly lesion on face is seen in: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psittacosis primarity affects the: |
|
|
Term
| Ornithosis (parrot fever) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What organism causes psittacosis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coccidiomycosis affects the: |
|
|
Term
| Coccidioides immitis or posadasii (fungi) |
|
Definition
| What organism causes coccidiomycosis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic granulomatous infections and granulomas may be caused by what type of infection? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The greatest number of lesions of cardiac valves result from: |
|
|
Term
| Strep pyogens (scarlet fever) and Strep pharyngitis (strep throat)(both group A B-hemolytic) |
|
Definition
| What organisms (diseases) lead to Rheumatic fever? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is a common sign of tissue degeneration in chronic inflammation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atherosclerosis is most common where? |
|
|
Term
| Thromoangitis Obliterans (Buerger's disease) |
|
Definition
| Disease of young and middle-aged male, heavy smoker, damaged blood vessels, possible gangrene in extremities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of necrosis associated with tertiary syphilis. |
|
|
Term
| Duodenum and lesser curvature |
|
Definition
| Peptic ulcers are common to what areas of the stomach? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypertrophy is most apt to occur in: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The initial site of pathology in typhoid fever is usually: |
|
|
Term
| Destruction of internal organs (especially intestines, heart and nerves) |
|
Definition
| What is the usual cause of death in typhoid fever? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lines of Zahn are found in? |
|
|
Term
| Banding pattern across the clot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What can come after whooping cough? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of necrosis found in an infarct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss in continuity of the surface skin or mucous membrane with inflammation of adjacent tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Special form of cell change associated with hyaline degeneration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The type of necrosis often associated with TB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Necrotic material rich in protein and lipids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clearing of inflammation when an affected part returns to normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most common initial finding as a tissue alteration in an area of inflammation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Absence of development of an organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell type responsible for formation of scar tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of protein is scar tissue? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What occurs when axon is damaged but cell body, including nucleus, is undamaged. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is ischemic necrosis of a portion of an extremity? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is ischemic necrosis of an extremity with a bacterial infection? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coagulation of blood within vessels during life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where is the conversion of an infarct into a cystic space containing clear fluid? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell type which is absent from normal blood sample. |
|
|
Term
| Plasma cell (B-lymphocytes) |
|
Definition
| What WBC produces antibodies? |
|
|
Term
| Cell contains an aberrant substance |
|
Definition
| What is implied with degeneration? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of necrosis, which occurs most frequently as an effect of infarction of muscle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What necrosis occurs most frequently in the liver? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What causes coagulation necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Those with cells capable of DNA synthesis |
|
Definition
| What tissues is hyperplasia found in? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of cell death that occurs normally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Natural response to an irritant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most important mobile cell in acute inflammation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PMN's being attracted to bacteria in an inflammatory response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What parallels the appearance of collagen in a healing wound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parenchymatous repair means healing by: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process which results in the replacement of a tissue defect with highly vascularized, young connective tissue. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Proliferation of cells resulting in adult types differing from those of the original. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accompanying pigmentation in hemochromatosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is usually deposited on dead cells or tissues? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What does a venous thrombosis resulting in an embolism usually affect? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most common site for thrombus formation? |
|
|
Term
| Increase in WBCs of blood stream |
|
Definition
| Which one of a number of features in least influential in development of thrombosis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A macrophage containing carbon particles in the lung is commonly called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lesion consisting of a center of fluid material surrounded by either an immediate layer of epithelium or fibrous connective tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The phenomenon of recall of tissues "remembering" their previous experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of cell is involved in anamestic response. |
|
|
Term
1. Lining of stomach
2. Gall bladder
3. Small intestine
4. Brain
5. Kidney tubules |
|
Definition
| Order of disintegration in putrefaction. |
|
|
Term
| Antemortem clot (thrombus) |
|
Definition
| Clumping of platelets, and further developed by coagulation of blood (fibrin-formation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Grey-white and red; forms tail in direction of flow; adherent to lining of endothelium; Lines of Zahn; majority form in veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exhibited by thrombus; cross section of clot shows banding or "ribbing" from layers of platelets covered with WBCs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no lines of Zahn; does not adhere to endothelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stiffening of a dead body. |
|
|
Term
| Liver Mortis (dependent lividity) |
|
Definition
| Bluish-red underside portion of body; due to pull of blood by gravity |
|
|
Term
| Veins of lower extremitites |
|
Definition
| Areas of frequent occurrence of thrombi formation. |
|
|
Term
| Arterial thrombus (coagulation thrombi) |
|
Definition
| Usually begin at site of endothelial injury or turbulence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soft, dark, red, associated with thrombophlebitis (phlebothrombus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-occlusive adherence to vessel or cardiac wall, may build up to occlusive levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shrinkage, contraction, re-canalization (associated with healing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not as serious as arterial because of extensive collateral circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thrombus in vessels (usually veins) of calf of legs giving pain (heat and tenderness) upon dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moving, occlusion of part of cardiovascular system usually by clots, can be fat, bone marrow, gas, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Solid or systemic embolism |
|
Definition
| Usually from heart, may travel to brain causing CVA or to lungs (pulmonary embolism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Straddles bifurcation of a vessel and blocks it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spreads infection during travels |
|
|
Term
| Pyogenic staphylococci or streptococci |
|
Definition
| Organsisms that can cause infected emboli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emboli associated with difficult delivery, and seepage of amniotic fluid into bloodstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Associated with gases entering blood stream (ex. nitrogen bubbles or syringe usage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fat enters blood stream during surgery, accident or long bone fracture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uncommon, tumor debris obstructs circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Associated with bone crushings, particularly in chest area during resuscitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Talc used as adulterant in drug dilutions (street) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plaques of lipid-laden macrophages, seen in diabetics, hyperlipidemia and primary biliary cirrhosis, not a true neoplasm |
|
|
Term
| Atheromas (sebaceous cysts) |
|
Definition
| Seba-filled cysts, ex. epidermal cysts of labia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plaque-filled small arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of glycogen (ex. von Gierke's - congenital), accumulation of glycogen in beta cells of pancreas may occur in diabetes |
|
|
Term
| Black lung (anthracosis/miner's disease) |
|
Definition
| exogenous pigment accumulates in macrophages; induces pneumoconiosis (chronic fibrous reaction of lung) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iron dust accumulation in lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pneumoconiosis due to long-term exposure to silica dust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lead poisoning --> "lead lines" in bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Silver poisoning - permanent pigmentation of the skin, conductivia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dermal (corium) pigmentation, persists in dermal macrophages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wear and tear pigment, age pigment, endogenous pigment accumulates in lysosomes of aging, non-dividing cells (neurons, muscle cells, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brown, black pigments produced by melanocytes for protection of skin from UV light. Abnormal in Addison's disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemoglobin derivative, partially denatured ferritin, blue-black color in bruises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary iron storage protein, available for hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemoglobin derived pigment of uncertain composisition seen in massive hemolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellow-green endogenous pigment of bile which may produce jaundice during certain pathologies (ex. cirrhosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anthracosis (coal), siderosis, silicosis, plumbism, argyria, tattoes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipofusicin, Melanin, Hemosiderin, Ferritin, Hemotin, Bilirubin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excess absorption of iron in normal diet, believed to be genetic, common in men with bronze diabetes. |
|
|
Term
| Dystrophic calcium accumulation |
|
Definition
| Seen in dead and dying cells (ex. infarcts, damaged valves, appendicitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyper-calcemia due to prolonged ingestion of milk simultaneously with alkali during peptic treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Innate attempt to contain injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Induced by chemical, physical or microbial agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dilation of blood vessels, fluid and defense cells enter tissue spaces to contain and heal injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell transverse endothelium via diapedis (emigration) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first to appear in acute inflammation, particularly in a microbial infection, most numerous, most phagocytic, most mobile WBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated in allergic reactions (ex. hay fever, no histamines, phagocytic to Ag-Ab complexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Histamine and heparin containing WBC, role in allergies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-phagocytic, agranulocyte, and smallest WBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Precursor to macrophage, largest of circulatory WBCs, agranulocyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clumping of multiple particulate antigens by specific or homologous antibodies (ex. bacteria, RBCs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forms when soluble antigen combines with homologous or specific antisera (ex. botulism toxin-anti-toxin complex) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inactivation of any antigen by specific, homologous antiserum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of 9 different beta globulins, which participate and enhance certain Ag-Ab complexes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormally sensitive to any agent |
|
|
Term
| Immediate hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Antibody (IgE) dependent, mast cell-mediated (ex. ragweed, pollen, goldenrod, ect.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T-cell (t-lymphocyte) mediated (ex. Mantoux TB test, lemproma (leprosy) skin test, poison oak, poison ivy, transplants, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extreme hypersensitivity to an allergen resulting in smooth muscle contraction (esp. lungs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is it the first or subsequent exposure that results in anaphylaxis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What medicine is used to correct anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Defective immunity in which body attacks itself (ex. MS, RA, SLE, Addison's) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produced in response to inflammation, released by basophils and mast cells, increases vascular permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cells does histamine chemotactically motivate? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Released during inflammation, in brain cells, mast cells and platelets, causes vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| Color, rubor, tumor, dolar, decreased function |
|
Definition
| Cardinal signs of acute inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Predominant cell type during inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microscopic lesion with mulit-nucleated giant epitheloid-like cells (transformed macrophages), results in chronic inflammation (ex. TB, sarcoidosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| granuloma lesion with horseshoe-shaped nucleus, appears in TB, sarcoidosis, tularemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What granuloma is induced from TB, syphilis, leprosy and certain fungi? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What granuloma is induced by surgical implants, sutures, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Granulomas brought about by sensitivity to various agents (ex. Sarcoidosis, Rheumatic carditis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be due to foreign agent sensitivity (ex. dust from woodwork) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be due to sensitivity to "M" protein of Strep pyogenes which embeds itself in the heart (quasi autoimmunity) |
|
|
Term
| Giant cells (granuloma-associated cells) |
|
Definition
| What are Langhans (TB, Tularemia, Sarcoidosis), Aschoff (Rheumatic carditis), and Reed-Sternburg cells (Hodgkins)? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cells are associated with TB, Tularemia, Sarcoidosis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cells are associated with Rheumatic carditis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cells are associated with Hodgkins? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mild injury evokes protein-poor exudates (ex. skin blister) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Severe injuries release exudates rich in protein and containing fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
| Rheumatic carditis, pneumonia, diphtheria |
|
Definition
| Fibrinous inflammation occurs in? |
|
|
Term
| Purulent (suppurative) inflammation |
|
Definition
| Liquifactive necrosis associated with infection and many neutrophils (ex. many cocci and pseudomonas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation of pseudo-membranes derived from a mixture of fibrin, dead cells, WBCs, microbes, toxins, ect. (ex. diphtheria and difficile) |
|
|
Term
| Granulomatous inflammation |
|
Definition
| rare type of inflammation, occurs in TB, syphilis, lymphogranuloma venereum and ceratain fungal diseases, has a distinct morphologic pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffuse, red, non-circumscribed inflammation, sparead through tissue space and lymph, seen in Erysipelas from strep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface (ex. pimple), inside tissue (ex. abscess), diffuse through tissue space (ex. erysipelas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Closed sac or cavity containing fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excavation on surface of organ or tissue produced by inflammation leading to necrotic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| canker sores inside mouth, resemble herpes, idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| Diabetic or senile ulcers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in stomach or duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastric acid-pepsin hypersecretion due to CNS issue (hypothalamus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stomach and duodenum, typical of burn victims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| replacement of lost tissue (parenchymal or stromal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| replacement by scar formation (granulation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laying down granulation tissue (replace necrotic tissue with scar) |
|
|
Term
| Neutrophils/macrophages (clean up), fibroblasts (lay down scar tissue) |
|
Definition
| Cells involved in organization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collagen deposited by fibroblasts, vascularization penetrates lesion and provides nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WBC's (neutrophils) and macrophages remove necrotic debris and fibrin clot, fibroblasts lay down collagen for tensile strength, upon completion capillaries disappear and wound turns from red to white (healing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyperplastic scar, elevation due to excess scar formation |
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory reaction cells |
|
Definition
| Neutrophiles, macrophages, fibroblasts, plasma cells, mast cells |
|
|
Term
| Healing by 1st intention/primary union |
|
Definition
| Clean edges in close proximity, few cells damaged, minimal scarring (ex. razor or sharp paper cut) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organization (laying down granulation tissue), granulation tissue (new CT), resolution (reabsorption of exudates/debris) |
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|
