Term
|
Definition
- The ability to cause disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- The extent of pathogenicity
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Mucous membranes
- Skin
- Parenteral route
- Preferred portal of entry
|
|
|
Term
| Numbers of invading microbes |
|
Definition
- ID50: infectious dose for 50% of the test population
- LD50: lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Adhesins/ligands bind to receptors on host cells
- Glycocalyx: Streptococcus mutans
- Fimbriae: Eschericia coli
- M protein: Streptococcus pyogenes
- Form biofilms
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Prevent phagocytosis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Bacillus anthracis
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- M protein: resist phagocytosis
- Opa protein: inhibits T helper cells
- Mycolic acid (waxy lipid): resists digestion
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Coagulase: coagulates fibrinogen
- Kinases: digests fibrin clots
- Hyaluronidase: hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid
- Collagenase: hydrolyzes collagen
- IgA proteases: destroy IgA antibodies
|
|
|
Term
| Penetration into the host cell cytoskeleton |
|
Definition
- Invasins
- Salmonella alters host actin to enter a host cell
- Use actin to move from one cell to the next
|
|
|
Term
| Direct damage to host cells |
|
Definition
- Disrupt host cell function
- Produce waste products
- Toxins
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Toxin: substance that contributes to pathogenicity
- Toxigenicity: ability to produce a toxin
- Toxemia: presence of toxin in the host's blood
- Toxoid: inactivated toxin used in a vaccine
- Antitoxin: antibodies against a specific toxin
|
|
|
Term
| Membrane-distrupting toxins |
|
Definition
- Lyse host's cells by
- Making protein channels in the plasma membrane
- Leukocidins
- Hemolysins
- Streptolysins
- Distrupting phospholipid bilayer
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Cause an intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cells
- Sypmtoms: fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, and death.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Mostly gram-positive
- By-products of growing cell
- Protein chemistry makeup
- Causes no fever
- Is neutralized by antitoxins
- LD50 percentage is small
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Comes from the outer membrane
- Lipid A chemistry makeup
- Does cause fever
- Is not neutralized by antitoxin
- LD50 is relatively large
|
|
|
