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| A qualitative characteristic |
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| More commonly known as selective breeding where professionals study the genotype and phenotype of parent organisms in the hope of producing a hybrid that possesses many of the desirable characteristics found in their parents. |
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| One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother |
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| The offspring of a genetically specified mating: first filial generation (F1), the offspring of parents of contrasting genotypes. |
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| F2-second filial generation |
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| the second filial generation; the offspring of the f1 generation when the f1 generation is self-pollinated or when two individuals from the f1 generation are crossed |
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| idea that characteristics can be passed from generation to generation through "discrete particles" (which means genes). |
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| The location of a gene (or of a significant sequence) on a chromosome |
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| Of, or pertaining to an individual containing two copies of the same allele for a particular trait located at similar positions on paired chromosomes |
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| Of, or pertaining to an individual containing two different alleles for a particular trait. |
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| The entire set of genes in an organism |
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| The physical appearance or biochemical characteristic of an organism as a result of the interaction of its genotype and the environment |
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| Test crosses with a Punett square |
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| Can reveal whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous |
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| A Dementia that is genetically inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait with a complete lifetime penetrance (describes the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variation of a gene that also express an associated rait). |
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| The absence of pigmentation in the eyes, skin, and hair. A lack of melanin, a phenotype which is inherited as a result of a genotype that possesses an inborn error of metabolism where Tyrosine (an amino acid) cannot be broken down within a biochemical pathway involved with melanin. |
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| Quantitative traits (all genes which add together to determine our skin tone) which vary along a continuum (the range of skin color gradients). |
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| A gene that has multiple, apparently unrelated, phenotype manifestations. |
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| Any chromosome not considered as a sex chromosome |
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| Either a pair of chromosomes, usually designated X or Y, in the germ cells of most animals and some plants, that combine to determine the sex and sex-linked characteristics of an individual |
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X = female-determining
Y = male determining |
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| It is a chromosomal disorder in which all part of one of the sex chromosomes is absent. Only found in females, the sex chromosomes are two X chromosomes, but in Turner syndrome, one of those X chromosomes is missing |
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| a condition in which males have an extra X sex chromosome |
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