Term
| Anaerobes lack the ability to detoxify oxygen reduction products. Name 3 of these? |
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Definition
| hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, superoxide |
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Term
| What do anaerobes lack that are needed to use oxygen as terminal electron acceptor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anaerobes produce enzymes that are active only in what state? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two ways would exogenous anaerobes enter the body to cause infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four virulence factors associated with anaerobes? |
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Definition
| enzymes, endotoxins, exotoxins, capsules |
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Term
| After collection of anaerobes, how long do you have to culture them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What redox indicator turns pink when oxidized? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What redox indicator turns blue when oxidized? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the four main types of anaerobe infections? |
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Definition
| head and neck, GI tract, genital tract, skin and soft tissue |
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Term
| What supplements would be present in media for primary isolation of anaerobes? |
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Definition
| yeast extract, blood, vitamin k, L-cysteine, Thiol dependent or sulfur requiring bacteria |
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Term
| What three components would be present in liquid medium used for primary anaerobe culture? |
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Definition
| oxygen binding agent; hemin and vitamin K |
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Term
| 2 examples of pre-reduced media? |
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Definition
| thioglycollate; chopped meat glucose medium |
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Term
| 3 types of selective media for anaerobe culture? |
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Definition
| phenylethyl alcohol blood agar; paromycin-vancomycin blood agar, egg-yolk-neomycin agar |
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Term
| What kind of bacteria are supported/inhibited by phenylethyl alcohol blood agar? |
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Definition
| Supports growth of gram + and gram - anaerobes; inhibits facultative gram - anaerobes |
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Term
| What kind of bacteria are supported by paromycin-vancomycin blood agar? |
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Definition
| gram negative obligate anaerobes |
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Term
| Egg-yolk-neomycin agar is used for isolation of what genus of bacteria? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does PRAS stand for? |
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Definition
| Pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized |
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Term
| How do you pre-reduce normal media? |
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Definition
| by placing it in anaerobic conditions for 24 hours |
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Term
| What is the catalyst used in anaerobic systems to remove the oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| All specimens submitted for anaerobic culture must be also aerobically cultured. What are the minimum conditions for this? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the minimum incubation time for primary culture of anaerobes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the four genera of clinical importance of anaerobic gram negative bacilli? |
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Definition
| Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium |
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|
Term
| What species of Bacteroides is bile-resistant? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What species of Prevotella is bile-sensitive and pigmented? |
|
Definition
| Prevotella melaninogenicus fluorescence |
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|
Term
| Is Porphyromonas pigmented or non-pigmented? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What area of the body is Vincent's angina infection of? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What anaerobic gram negative rod causes Vincent's angina? |
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Definition
| Fusobacterium necrophorum mixed with a treponeme organism |
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|
Term
| What four anaerobes would commonly cause bite and wound infections? |
|
Definition
| Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium |
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|
Term
| What two anaerobic gram negative rods would cause lung infections such as aspiration pneumonia, lung abscesses, and emphysema? |
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Definition
| Prevotella melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium nucleatum |
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Term
| What three anaerobic gram negative bacilli would be involved in female genital tract infections? |
|
Definition
| Prevotella, Bacteroides fragilis, and Porphyromonas |
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Term
| What genus of anaerobes would be involved in intra-abdominal infections caused by perforation of the bowel? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What two genera are involved in brain abscesses? |
|
Definition
| Prevotella, Fusobacterium |
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|
Term
| What is the natural habitat of Bacteroides? |
|
Definition
| normal flora of colon and female genital tract |
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|
Term
| What is the natural habitat of Fusobacterium? |
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Definition
| normal flora of oral cavity, colon and genital tract |
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|
Term
| Is Bacteroides fragilis resistant or sensitive to penicillin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What two antibiotics are Bacteroides fragilis usually susceptible to? |
|
Definition
| clindamycin and metronidazole |
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|
Term
| Plates containing kanamycin and vancomycin would be used to culture organisms suspected to be what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What four genera of anaerobic gram-positive cocci are clinically important? |
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Definition
| Peptostreptococcus, Finegoldia, Micromonas, Anaerobic Streptococcus |
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|
Term
| What kind of infections are caused by Peptostreptococcus? |
|
Definition
| brain abscesses and cardiovascular infections |
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|
Term
| Peptostreptococcus is normal flora of what part of the body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the six clinically important genera of non-spore-forming anaerobic gram positive rods? |
|
Definition
| Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Eggerthella, Anaerobic lactobacillus, Proprionobacterium |
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|
Term
| What are the four clinically important species of spore-forming anaerobic gram positive rods? |
|
Definition
| Clostridium tetani, C. botulinum, C. perfringens, C. difficile |
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|
Term
| What two species of Clostridium produce neurotoxins? |
|
Definition
| C. botulinum and C. tetani |
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|
Term
| What species of Clostridium produces a lethal toxin called lecithinase? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which three Clostridium species are normal intestinal flora? |
|
Definition
| C. perfringens, C. tetani, and C. difficile |
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|
Term
| What two species of Clostridium are treated with antitoxin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Clostridium species produces lipase? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What reaction is used to test for lecithinase in C. perfringens? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the hemolytic toxin produced by Clostridium tetani? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of Clostridium tetani? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species of Clostridium produces a neurotoxin which is the most powerful toxin known? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What organism causes gas gangrene? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism causes pseudomembranous colitis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of healthy adults have Clostridium difficile as normal flora? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What two toxins are produced by Clostridium difficile? |
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Definition
| Toxin A- enterotoxin causing diarrhea; Toxin B- cytotoxin causing cellular damage |
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|
Term
| What is the natural habitat of Actinomyces spp.? |
|
Definition
| normal oral flora and normal flora of female genital tract |
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|
Term
| Sulfur granules are associated with what anaerobe? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism produces white, opaque colonies that may resemble a molar tooth? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This species can be normal flora of the intestinal tract, but will lead to a serious type of colitis if the intestinal normal flora are disrupted |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If found in a deep wound, this is indicative of an anaerobic bacterial infection |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This genus is a gram-negative bacilli that is normal flora of the oral cavity, colon and genital tract |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Components commonly produced by anaerobic, gram-positive rods? |
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Definition
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