Term
| What is a hypersensitivity response? |
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Definition
| an inappropriote immune response to an EXTERNAL allergen (allergy) |
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Term
| What is an autoimmune disease? |
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Definition
| an inappropriote immune response to a SELF antigen |
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Term
| What are type I hypersensitivity reactions mediated by? |
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Definition
| IgE and granulocytic cells |
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Term
| Explain type one hypersensitivity response? |
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Definition
| the allergen enters and causes b and T cell response. The B cells differentiate into plasma cells which make IgE. The IgE bind to mast cells and basophils. When the antigen is introduced again, it binds to the granulocytes and causes release of mediators which induces inflammation and such |
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Term
| What induces symptoms of the hypersensitivity response? |
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Definition
| release of inflammatory mediators |
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Term
| What induces symptoms of the hypersensitivity response? |
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Definition
| release of inflammatory mediators |
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Term
| What can inhaled allergens lead to? |
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Definition
| Localized type I hypersensitivity in the upper respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
| aka allergic rhinitis - its localized anaphylaxis of the upper respiratory tract |
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Term
| What is asthma? What is it characterized by? |
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Definition
| localized anaphylaxis of the lower respiratory tract; shortness of breath and wheezing |
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Term
| What is systemic type I hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
| injection of the allergen into the blood stream (can lead to death) |
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Term
| What can food allergens lead to? |
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Definition
| localized or systemic type I hypersensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| another word for hypersensitivity |
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Term
| What is the most common symptom of food allergies? what are the most common food allergies? |
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Definition
| hives; milk, peanuts, seafood, wheat, soy, eggs, tree nuts, and peas |
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Term
| What food allergens do children become tolerant to? why? |
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Definition
| milk, eggs, soy, wheat - because they are so abundant in society |
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Term
| What do they do to diagnose type I hypersensitivity? What are the reaction signs? |
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Definition
| scratch allergen onto skin; redness, swelling, itching |
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Term
| How can type I hypersensitivity be treated? |
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Definition
| avoidance, steroid: can repress production of IgE but it also represses other immune antibodies, antihistamines: treat symptoms |
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Term
| What mediates type II hypersensitivity responses? |
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Definition
| cell bound antigens (soluble IgG and IgM antibodies) (either IgG or IgM binds to cell or membrane bound antigen which leads to activation of the complement pathway and destruction of the cell OR activation of cell surface receptors by IgG or IgM changing the function of cells |
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Term
| What are transfusion reactions a form of? |
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Definition
| type II hypersensitivity reactions |
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Term
| What does incompatible blood transfusion lead to? Why? |
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Definition
| lysis of red blood cells; because your body makes antibodies against the opposite type of blood that you are cuz those are in the environment |
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Term
| What type of reaction is hemolytic disease of newborns? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does hemolytic disease work? how can it be treated? |
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Definition
| Rh- mothers that have an Rh+ baby will make antibodies against Rh+. so if they have another Rh+ baby it will attack the Rh; anti-Rh neutralizing antibodies injected at birth |
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Term
| What is Myasthenia Gravis? |
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Definition
| an autoimmune disease that is a type II hypersensitivity reaction; antibodies bind to the acetylcholine receptors so the acetylcholine cant and the muscle can't contract |
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Term
| What are type III hypersensitivity reactions mediated by? |
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Definition
| soluble antigens (when IgG antibodies bind an excess of soluble antigen) |
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Term
| What is another name for type III hypersensitivity reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in a type III hypersensitivity reaction? |
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Definition
| association of excess antigen with soluble antibody results in immune complexes which deposit in tissue and activate the complement pathway |
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Term
| What leads to localized type III hypersensitivity reactions? |
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Definition
| deposition of immune complexes in blood vessels |
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Term
| What happens during systemic lupus erythematosis? What are the symptoms caused by? What kind of reaction is it? |
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Definition
| patients develop antibodies to DNA, histones, and other components of the cells; deposits of immune complexes in tissues (especially kidneys and skin); hypersensitivity type III |
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Term
| Why does rhumetoid arthritis occur? |
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Definition
| patient develops antibodies to IgG. Deposition of IgG and IgM (rhumetoid factors) in the joints leads to activation of complement and tissue damage |
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Term
| What are type IV hypersensitivity reactions caused by? What is the classic outcome? |
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Definition
| immune cells (CD8 + T cells); contact dermatitis |
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Term
| What type of reaction is poisen ivy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of reaction is latex sensitivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of reaction is type I diabetes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in Type I diabetes? |
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Definition
| get a t cell mediated response for beta isolate cells leading to the destruction of those cells (the person can no longer make insulin) |
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Term
| Which antibody isotype is responsible for type III hypersensitivity eraction? |
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Definition
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