Term
| WHat is natural immunity? |
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Definition
| it is aquired through the normal life experiences of a human and is not induced through medical means |
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Term
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Definition
| the consequence of a person developing his own immune response to a microbe |
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Term
| What is passive immunity? |
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Definition
| the consequence of one person receiving preformed immunity made by another person |
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Term
| What is artificial immunity? |
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Definition
| it is produced purposefully through medical procedures (also called immunixzation) |
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Term
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Definition
| the injection of material with the purpose of inducing a protective immune response to a pathogen |
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Term
| What is variolation? When was it started? WHere? |
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Definition
| puposeful infection with mild cases of small pox; 200 B.C., India or China |
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Term
| Who began modern vaccination? What was it? When? |
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Definition
| Edward Jenner; used cowpox vaccinate small pox ; 1798 |
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Term
| Who developed attenuated virus vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who coined the term vaccination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of pathogens can be eliminated world-wide? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease was eliminated in 1977? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| by drastically reducing the number of susceptible individuals, you break the exponential increase in infection. this significantly reduces the amount of infection in the population |
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Term
| What does the level of vaccination for a herd immunity depend on? |
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Definition
| how fast the pathogen spreads |
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Term
| Upon vaccination, what prevents infection of a cell by a pathogen? |
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Definition
| b cells produce neutralizing antibodies |
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Term
| What is CD4 T cells role in vaccination? CD8 T cells? |
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Definition
| activate the immune system to fight the initial infection; respond rapidly to infection by killing infected cells |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a vaccination? |
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Definition
| to fire an adaptive immune response to memory B and/or T cells in order to rapidly respond to infection |
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Term
| How do pathogens evade vaccination? |
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Definition
| infect adaptive immune cells, suppress adaptive immune response, Change your antigens |
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Term
| How does HIV evade vaccination? |
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Definition
| infect activated CD4+ T helper cells by binding CD4 with chemokine receptors on their surfaces |
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Term
| How does Neisseria Gonorrhoeae evade vaccines? |
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Definition
| produces proteins that activate inhibitory receptors on the surface of T cells which supresses T cell function |
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Term
| How does the influenza virus evade vaccination? |
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Definition
| it recombines it's genetic segments over and over again so new strains of the virus aren't recognized by the immune system |
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Term
| What are the principles of vaccination? |
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Definition
| must be safe, effective, and cost effective |
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Term
| What is the result of live attenuated viruses being used as vaccinations? |
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Definition
| growth of pathogenic viruses in non-human results in a virus that does not work well in humans but induces an immune response |
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Term
| What are inactivated vaccines made from? How do they work? |
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Definition
| they re made by killing pathogens; the pathogens are dead (so they can't multiply) but they can still stimulate immunity |
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Term
| How would DNA vaccines work? |
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Definition
| genes for pathogen proteins are injected into the muscle. Pathogen genes are expressed and induce an immune response. |
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Term
| How would cancer vaccinations work? |
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Definition
| expression of mutated or inappropriote proteinsin tumors result in new epitopes that can be recognized by the immune system. |
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Term
| When did the developed world tame infectious diseases? |
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Definition
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