Term
| For gram (+) membranes, the Thick peptioglycan layer contains _____ & _____ |
|
Definition
| Lipoteichoic acid & teichoic acid |
|
|
Term
| The Membrane inner leaflet for Gram (+) is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The membrane outer leaflfet for Gram (+) membrane is _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inner Membrane leaflet of Gram (-) bacteria is a mix of _____ & _____ |
|
Definition
| Phosphtidylglycerol & ethanol amine |
|
|
Term
| The inner leaflet of the outer membrane of gram (-) is made of _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The outer membrane of gram (-) bacteria is made up of _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It's a endotoxin responsible for endotoxic shock & contains o-specific oligosaccride |
|
|
Term
| What 5 things should make you think of Endocarditis |
|
Definition
1. Fever & murmur 2. Fever & IV drug users 3. fever of unexplained origin 4. Fever & systemic emboli 5. Fever after valve surgery |
|
|
Term
| There are 2 types of bacterial endocarditis name them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| That's the difference between subacute and acute endocarditis |
|
Definition
Subacute: 1. Insidious onset 2. Symptoms prior to Dx 3. Preexisting damaged valve 4. Strep Viridans Acute: 1. Acute onset 2. Normal valve 3. Staph aureus |
|
|
Term
| Describe the hemodynamic change in endocarditis |
|
Definition
1. Blood goes from high pressure into low pressure 2. Colonly grows in low pressure sink |
|
|
Term
| How do platelet formation thrombi allow for endocarditis? |
|
Definition
| Gives the bacteria something to adhere to |
|
|
Term
| _______ is the most common cause of culture negative endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IV drug users are associated w/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prosthetic valves are associated w/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the symptoms of endocarditis |
|
Definition
1. Fever 2. Chills, sweats 3. Increased WBC 4. Elevated sedmentation rate 5. Splenomegaly |
|
|
Term
Emboli can lead to HINT 5 |
|
Definition
1. Stroke 2. Skin lesions 3. Hematuria 4. Metastatic infection 5. Spleen infarction |
|
|
Term
| What is the hallmark of endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The immune complexes that form from endocarditis are |
|
Definition
1. Arthritis 2. Glomerulonephritis 3. Vascultis: petechaie, roth spots 4. Rheumatoid factor |
|
|
Term
| Primary peritonitis is usually seen w/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the bacterial causes of primary peritonitis (SBP) |
|
Definition
1. Enterobacteria spp (e. coli & klebsiella) 2. S. pneumoniae 3. S. Aureus |
|
|
Term
| What's the patholgy of Primary peritonitis |
|
Definition
1. Hematogenous & lymphogenic spread 2. Migration from the gut |
|
|
Term
| Give the Clincial picture of Primary peritonitis |
|
Definition
1. Fever 2. Abdomonial pain (non-palpation) 3. Abdominal tenderness (palpation) |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnosis Primary Peritonitis |
|
Definition
1. Cell count Leukocyte > 300 & PMN > 250 2. Albumin concentrattion > or = 1.1 3. Gram stain & culture |
|
|
Term
| What's the treatment of Primary Peritionits |
|
Definition
| 3rd gen. cephalosporin (ceftraxone) |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Peritonitis is caused by |
|
Definition
GI or GU microbes in the peritoneal cavity (E. coli, Enterococci & Bacteriods fragilis & Strep) |
|
|
Term
| What's the pathophysiological response to secondary peritonitis |
|
Definition
1. Local inflammation 2. Outpouring of fluids 3. High protein 4. Large number of WBC cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the systemic responses of Secondary Peritonitis |
|
Definition
1. Release of TNF a, IL-1, 6 & INF g 2. Paralysis of the gut, increase CO, venous dilation |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestation of Secondary Peritonitis |
|
Definition
1. Severe abdominal pain 2. Nausea & vomiting 3. Fever 4. Tachycardia 5. Hypotension |
|
|
Term
What are the treatments for secondary peritonitis
|
|
Definition
1. Surgery 2. Drain abscess |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of intraperitonal abscesses |
|
Definition
1. Appendicitis 2. Diverticulitis 3. Pancreatitis 4. Perforated ucler |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of acute Appendicitis |
|
Definition
1. Inflammation of the appendix 2. RLQ pain w/ anorexia, nausea & vomiting |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Diverticulitis |
|
Definition
1. Herniation of the mucosa 2. Symptoms same as appendix vomiting, nausea, anxorea |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial pneumonia in children is more likely to affect age ___ w/ a abrupt fever of ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial pneumonia produces a ___ cough and w/ other ____ ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Physical exam for bacterial pneumonia looks like?
|
|
Definition
1. They look awful 2. Rapid breathing 3. Anatomically confined |
|
|
Term
| What WBC count for bacterial pneumonia is ____ w/ ______ predominate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the treatment for bacterial pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viral pneumonia occurs at ___ age w/ a _______ fever of ____ |
|
Definition
1. any 2. Grandual 3. < 39 C |
|
|
Term
| Do you find other people ill w/ viral pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The more mucous membranes involved the more likely it's ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A non-productive cough is indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The physical exam for viral pneumonia looks like |
|
Definition
1. Disease is proportional to how the patient looks like 2. Bilateral wheezing |
|
|
Term
| The WBC count for viral pneumonia is _____ w/ ______ cells predominate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mycoplasma pneumonia has a ____ onset fever of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mycoplasma pneumonia presents with |
|
Definition
1. Abrupt onset of fever 2. Malaise 3. Sore throat |
|
|
Term
| are others ill in a mycoplasma pneumonia infection? |
|
Definition
| yes, they have flu like symptoms |
|
|
Term
A hacking cough is characteristic of
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the P.E look for mycoplasma |
|
Definition
1. Degree of illness is nothing 2. Hear rouse 3. walking pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| How does the CXR look for mycoplasma |
|
Definition
| Pachy and anatomically confined |
|
|
Term
| What's the treatment for mycoplasma |
|
Definition
1. Azithromycin for those w/ no teeth 2. Doxycycline for older |
|
|
Term
| Sepsis is due to which endotoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LPS endotoxin binds to _______ complex and triggers signaling pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the organism that cause URT infections |
|
Definition
1. Rhinovirus 2. Parainflu 3. RSV 4. Adenovirus 5. Coronavirus 6. Influenzae |
|
|
Term
| Acute Otitis media is more common in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a child comes in w/ Otalgia (rubbing ear), fever & is fussy what do they have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a patient w/ Otitis media, the tympanic membrane would look like |
|
Definition
1. Redy 2. Bludeing 3. Immobile |
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 common causes of Otitis media |
|
Definition
1. Pneumococcus 2. H. influ |
|
|
Term
| How would you treat otitis media? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Acute Sinusitis |
|
Definition
1. Fever 2. Facial pain 3. Teeth hurt 4. Purlent Rhinorrhea (green) |
|
|
Term
| Name the 2 most common organism for acute sinusitis |
|
Definition
1. Pneumococcus 2. H. Inlu |
|
|
