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| steam under pressure for sterilization, good penetration, 121 deg C for 15-20 min |
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| sterilize liquids, 10-15 min |
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| dry heat, 160 deg C for 2 hours |
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| mechanical method to reduce #'s, does not sterilize |
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| blocks passage of microbes, liquids only, adjusted pore size |
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| doesn't penetrate well, sterilizes surfaces, damages DNA |
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| good penetrating power, will destroy DNA |
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| break down antibiotics with a beta lactam ring structure, e.g. penicillin |
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| resistance plasmids that code for enzymes or protiens that allow bacteria to become resistant |
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| where a bacteria's DNA attaches to the membrane |
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| transfer of DNA by F plasmid |
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| transfer of DNA by bacterial virus |
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| fertility plasmid, used in conjunction, used to code for a hollow pilus |
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| fimbriae, short hair like structures, but lack the internal structure of cilia, used for transportation of genetic material |
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| will put its genetic information in site specific points on the hosts chromosome, while this is occuring it will be inactive, once it leaves it will start the lytic cycle again |
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| rober koch, how to discover which microbe actually causes which disease |
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| classification system, binomial nomenclature |
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| Kingdom, Phylum, Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species |
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| Whittaker Classification system |
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| Monera, protista, fungi, animal, plant |
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| Composisiton of peptidoglycan |
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| amino sugars (NAG, NAM), tetrapeptide of amino acids, pentaglycine bridge |
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| period of adjustment in bacterial growth |
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| period of active growth in bacteria |
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| number of cels produced = number dying for bacteria |
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| decrease in overall growth |
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| extra nutrients to favor more fastidious organisms. e.g. blood agar |
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| diferentiaion of mixed cultures, usually by showing differences in colonial characteristics |
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| inhibit some organisms but allow others to grow |
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| works with enzyme/substrate reactions |
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