Term
| interaction between two or more organisms |
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Definition
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Term
in this type of symbiosis, both members benefit.
IE: normal microflora |
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Definition
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Term
in this type of symbiosis, one member benefits and the other neither looses or gains from relationship |
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Definition
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Term
this is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism (parasite) benefits while the other organism (host) is harmed or killed |
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Definition
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Term
| disease causing bacteria or virus |
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Definition
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Term
| eukaryotic organism which lives in or on a host, causing it harm |
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Definition
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Term
| organism which harbors a symbiotic organism |
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Definition
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Term
| noticeable disturbance or bodily function |
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Definition
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Term
| replication of unicellular pathogen/parasite in/on host |
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Definition
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Term
| in this type of infection, organisms cause disease only when introduced into unusual locations or in immunocompromised host |
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Definition
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Term
| replication of multicellular parasite in/on host |
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Definition
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Term
this means the capacity to cause disease |
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Definition
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Term
| ability of an organism to overcome host defenses and cause disease |
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Definition
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Term
| phenotypic characteristics that make an organism pathogenic |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 6 most prominent factors that make organisms pathogenic |
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Definition
1)Adhesins on pili and cell surfaces
2)Capsules to prevent phagocytosis
3)Endotoxins and exotoxins
4)Ability to trigger phagocytosis
5)Superantigens (massive immune response)
6)Proteases |
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Term
| Microbes living in/on host without harmful effects (including oppurtunistic pathogens) |
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Definition
Normal/Resident Microflora |
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Term
| These are temporary inhabitants which may be associated with the colonization of newborns or recolonization following ABX treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal microflora found on the skin is |
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Definition
| Staphylococcus epidermis; Propionibacterium acnes |
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Term
| The normal microflora found in the nose is |
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Definition
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Term
| normal microflora found in the mouth is |
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Definition
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Term
| normal microflora found in the throat is |
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Definition
| Streptococcus & Neisseria |
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Term
| normal microflora found in the Large Intestine is |
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Definition
| Lactobacillus, E.Coli, Enterococcus, & Clostridium |
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Term
normal microflora found in the vagina |
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Definition
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Term
| normal microflora found in the Urethra |
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Definition
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Term
| when does colonization of normal microflora begin |
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Definition
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Term
| is the fetus sterile or unsterile in the uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| name 4 examples of colonization of normal microflora at birth |
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Definition
1)passage through the vagina
2)exposure to outside environment
3)Breast feeding and eating
4)Handling of baby |
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Term
| give four examples of the imortance of normal microflora |
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Definition
1) They take up space and cover attachment sites needed by pathogens
2)Compete for essential nutrients
3)They produce antimicrobial compounds
4) They provide an environment which inhibits pathogens (PH) |
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Term
| in this category of disease, pathogen is easily transmitted from one host to another through normal |
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Definition
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Term
Amount of cells/particles required to establish infection |
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Definition
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Term
| during this period, pathogens replicate symptoms of disease |
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Definition
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Term
| when symptoms typical of the disease are present, we refer to this as |
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Definition
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Term
| during this type of illness, disease develops and subsides rapidly |
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Definition
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Term
| during this category of disease, disease develops slowly bur persists for lengthy periods of time....IE, leprosy, HIV |
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Definition
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Term
| when another pathogen or parasite takes advantage of weakned state we call this |
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Definition
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Term
| these type of infections may occur later in an illness stage |
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Definition
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Term
| during this period if recovery, the host may still be contagious and may develop immunity after the initial infection |
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Definition
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Term
| during this period, bacteria or virus persists in cells without symptoms and may later cause disease (typical of many viral infections) |
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Definition
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Term
| show no symptoms of disease but are still contagious |
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Definition
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Term
| In this type of distribution, bacteria are well contained and only infecting certain area |
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Definition
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Term
| in this type of distribution, the infection has spread from the original point and is infecting more areas |
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Definition
| Systemic/Disseminated (spread) |
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Term
| in this type of distribution, the pathogen is circulting and replicating - blood toxins |
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Definition
| Septicemia - worst case scenario |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
this is a set of procedures to determine what pathogen is causing disease |
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Definition
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Term
| list kochs postulates in order |
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Definition
1) The microbe must be present in all cases of the disease
2) The microbe must be isolated from the patient and grown in pure culture.
3) The same disease must be caused when the pure cutlure is introduced into a second, healthy host.
4) The microbe must be isolated from the second host. |
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Term
| this is the source of disease causing microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| understanding the ___________ aids in control and treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of reservoir is the most significant reservoir for most contagious diseases |
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Definition
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Term
this type of reservoir is easier to control |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of reservoir houses poultry and salmonella |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ often serve as vectors between reservoir and humans |
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Definition
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Term
| in this type of reservoir, pathogens like Clostridium can persist outside of animals |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of reservoir is impossible to eliminate |
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Definition
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Term
during this type of transmission, disease is spread through direct contact with and infected person/animal |
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Definition
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Term
| during this type if transmission disease can be spread by touching objects contaminated with pathogen. This indicates that pathogen virus survives outside host |
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Definition
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Term
| droplet transmission falls under what category of transimission |
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Definition
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Term
| During food and water transmission of disease, Salmonella and E.Coli occur during what stage |
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Definition
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Term
| Fecal-Oral transmission can occur during what type transmission |
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Definition
| Food and Water during food handling |
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Term
during this transmission of disease can occur using preparation surfaces for different foods |
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Definition
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Term
| Disease can be transmitted through water with what type of contamination |
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Definition
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Term
What type of disease transmission causes primarily respiratory disease |
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Definition
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Term
for what mode of transmission must the microbe survive outside well outside of the host and remain suspended for periods of time |
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Definition
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Term
name the mode of transmission: transort pathogen from one host to another; Arthropods are the most significant; may be involved with pathogen/parasite life cylcle |
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Definition
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Term
| for pathogen to be succesful, they must follow these 6 steps |
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Definition
1) Transmission to a host
2) Adeherence to a target tissue
3) Colonization and invasion of tissues or cells
4)Damage to the host (releases nutrients)
5) Exit from the host
6)Survival outside host untill step 1 occurs again |
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Term
| this allows pathogen to remain in/on host |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ ________and _________ ________ bind to glycoprotein receptors on host cell surfaces |
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Definition
| Bacterial adhesions; viral spikes |
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Term
___________ are difficult to penetrate by antimicrobial agents or the immune system |
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Definition
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Term
| induction of _____________ allows pathogen to gain entry into cells and causes rearrangement of actin in cytoskeleton |
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Definition
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Term
| what enzymes are used for destruction of cell membranes and tight junctions between epithelial cells |
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Definition
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Term
| these two things destroy phospholipids |
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Definition
| Hyaluronidase and phospholipase |
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Term
| digests and break molecules apart |
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Definition
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Term
| these destroy lekocyte cell membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| these cleave complement proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| these live in LPS in Gram (-) cell wall |
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Definition
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Term
| these are proteins released from intact cells |
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Definition
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Term
these are nonspecific binding to T-lymphocytes causing ecxessive immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| these require host cells to replicate and carry out metabolic activity |
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Definition
| Obligate Intracellular Pathogens |
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Term
| List the host range and specificity of viruses |
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Definition
1) Spectrum of hosts which can be infected
2) Specific cell lines |
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Term
| During this type if viral replication, virion attaches to cell surface receptors |
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Definition
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Term
during viral replication, this is the entry of virion into eukryotic cell and entry of phage genome into prokaryotic cell |
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Definition
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Term
| during this stage of viral replication, mRNA codes for viral proteins;may inhibit or degrade host DNA |
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Definition
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Term
during this stage of viral replication; replication of viral genome; Synthesis of capsid and envelope proteins |
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Definition
Replication and Synthesis |
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Term
| During this stage of viral replication, Nucleic acid and capsid assembled into virions |
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Definition
| Nucleic acid and capsid assembled into virions |
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Term
During this type of viral replicatio, induction of lysozyme of lyse host cell; eukaryotic host may provide envelope |
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Definition
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Term
| uncontrolled invasive growth of abnormal cells; life threatning |
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Definition
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Term
| localized abnormal growth of cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cells invade surrounding tissue and interfere with cells/tissue function |
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Definition
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Term
| migration of cancer to tissues distant to original tumor |
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Definition
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Term
| what % of viruses are from tumor suppressor gene mutation |
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Definition
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Term
| what % of viruses are from proto-oncogene mutation |
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Definition
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Term
| what % of cancers are from viral infection |
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Definition
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