Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| minimum inhibitory concentration |
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Term
| Why do broad spectrum antibiotics target ribosomes in human cells? |
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Definition
| They are similar to those in prokaryotes. |
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Term
| Why are antibiotics considered miracle drugs? |
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Definition
| They act on bacteria and not human cells. |
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Term
| Streptomycin works on _______________? |
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Definition
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Term
| Penicillin works on _____________? |
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Definition
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Term
| A Virus must have a _________ to survive. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are fungi and protozoa difficult to treat? |
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Definition
| Because they are similar to eukaryotic cells. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Penicillin, cephalosporins, bacitracin, and vancomysin target? |
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Definition
| Transcription and inhibits Cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines, and streptomycin target? |
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Definition
| Translation and inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
| Quinolones and rifampin inhibit? |
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Definition
| replication of DNA and transcription. |
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Term
| Anti fungals such as polymyxin B target different sterols, how do they affect cells? |
|
Definition
| Cause Injury to the plasma membrane |
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Term
| Sulfilamide and trimethoprim inhibit enzyme activity which in turn ______________. |
|
Definition
| inhibit the synthesis of essential metabolites. |
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Term
| Why are gram negative cells not affected by antibiotics? |
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Definition
| Their outer membrane protects them. |
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Term
| What is a disadvantage of using broad spectrum antibiotics (penicillin derivatives)? |
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Definition
| They can damage the natural microbes found in the body. |
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Term
| Why has methicillin been discontinued? |
|
Definition
| MRSA has become prevalent |
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Term
|
Definition
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
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Term
| Vancomycin is used to treat? |
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Definition
| Colitis (inflammation of the intestine caused by certain bacteria) that may occur after antibiotic treatment. |
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Term
| Why do we use multiple drug therapy to treat mycobacteria? |
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Definition
| We use drugs that will target mycolic acid synthesis. They have a waxy cell wall which resists drug therapy. It's very difficult for the cell to resist two drugs at once. |
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Term
| Why do many antibacterials have abroad range of efficacy (ability to produce an effect), why? |
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Definition
| They target cell wall synthesis, which is not common to mammalian cells. |
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Term
| How does Erythromycin stop the growing peptide? |
|
Definition
| blocks polypeptide exit tunnel |
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Term
| How does Chloramphenicol stop protein synthesis? |
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Definition
| Binds to 50S portion and inhibits formation of a peptide bonds. |
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Term
| Sulfa drugs are what type of inhibitor drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do Sulfa drugs work synergistically? |
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Definition
| They work on enzymes in the same pathway, one may not turn the pathway off, then the second one can turn it down much more. |
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Term
| What must be targeted to destroy fungi? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are fungal infections so difficult to target? |
|
Definition
| They have the same protein, DNA, and RNA synthesis. |
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Term
| B Glucan is a unique component in the cell wall of _________? |
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Definition
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Term
| Viruses use host cell machinery to replicate, why is this a pharmacological problem? |
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Definition
| To destroy the virus the antiviral drugs also act adversely on host cells. |
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Term
| How does antibiotic resistance develop? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| It stops the virus from transferring to other host cells. |
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Term
| Why do bacteria evolve rapidly? |
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Definition
| They have relatively short generation periods. |
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Term
| Where do nosocomial infections occur? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does penicillinase do? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Why doesn't penicillin target Gram - ? |
|
Definition
| Penicillin can't penetrate the cell wall. |
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|
Term
| How do bacteria resist a protein synthesis antibiotic? |
|
Definition
| Change their ribosomes slightly which protects it from the anitbiotic. |
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Term
| How do bacteria resist folic acid synthesis antibiotics? |
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Definition
| They can get folic acid from food so they find a new pathway ot aquire folic acid. |
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