Term
|
Definition
Treponema, Leptospira, and Borreli belong to what species?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of syphilis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nontender Chancre is the hallmark of what type of syphillis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurological symptoms and gummas are hallmarks of what type of syphilis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generalized LAD and rash are the hallmark of what type of syphilis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can syphilis cross the placenta? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following tests are used to diagnose what?
- RPR
- VDRL
- FIT-Abs
- Dark field microscopy
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the tx (medication) for syphilis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What parts of the body are affected by the rash of secondary syphilis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where are the spirochetes of secondary syphilis located? |
|
|
Term
- HA
- Fever
- Sore throat
- LAD
- Rash
|
|
Definition
| What are the sx of secondary syphilis? |
|
|
Term
| very long- up to 20 years |
|
Definition
| How long can the latency period of syphilis be? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tumors of tertiary syphilis that affect many organs and may resolve are known as what? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A sign of syphilis when pupils react better to accommodation than light is know as what? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
What does Leptospira Interrogans cause?
|
|
|
Term
from livestock
(zoonotic dz) |
|
Definition
| How is Leptospirosis contracted? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following are sx of what disorder:
- sudden high fever
- chills
- HA
- muscle aches
- conjunctivitis
- pretechial rash
- Vommiting
|
|
|
Term
| No it does not hurt or itch and it can persist for several months |
|
Definition
| Does the rash of secondary syphilis hurt? How long can it persist? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Borrelia Hermsii is the causative agent of what disorder? |
|
|
Term
| An antigenic change occurs and a new immune response occurs causing fever a few days later |
|
Definition
| What is the significance of the name relapsing fever? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following symptoms are indicative of what disorder?
- High fever, N/V, chills, HA, fatigue
- muscle aches
- abdominal pain
- extensive damage to the liver, spleen, heart, kidneys, and cranial nerves
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Borellia Burgdorferi is the causative agent of what? |
|
|
Term
| Blacklegged (or deer) ticks |
|
Definition
| What is the vector of Lyme Disease? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Bull's eye rash (erythema migrans) is indicative of what disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What disease causes
- fever
- HA
- dizziness with cardiac damage
- neurological symptoms
- polyarthritis
|
|
|
Term
| Tetracycline or Amoxicillin |
|
Definition
| What is the treatment (medication) of Lyme disease? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of cholera? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the top 7th cause of morbidity and mortality |
|
|
Term
| Ingested with contaminated food or water |
|
Definition
| How is cholera contracted? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rice water stools is the most significant symptom of what? |
|
|
Term
| Oral rehydration and Tetracycline |
|
Definition
| What is the treatment of cholera? |
|
|
Term
| Gastroentertitis; from eating raw seafood and oysters |
|
Definition
| Vibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus cause what condition? And how is it contracted? |
|
|
Term
| Heat-labile enterotoxin CJT |
|
Definition
| What causes the symptoms related to C. Jejuni? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What disorder presents with bloody or watery diarrhea in addition to fever and abdominal pain? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What bacteria causes 90% of stomach and duodenal ulcers? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How is H. Pylori most likely contracted? |
|
|
Term
| Gastric ulcers or gastritis |
|
Definition
| Patients with type O blood and patients who take NSAIDS are at high risk for what? |
|
|
Term
- Biopsy
- Breath Test
- Serum Antibody Test
|
|
Definition
| What are 3 ways we diagnose H. Pylori? |
|
|
Term
- Proton Pump inhibitor/ranitidine
- Amoxicillin
- Clarithromycin
|
|
Definition
| H. Pylori has a 95% cure rate when treated with triple therapy. What is the triad of H. Pylori triple therapy |
|
|
Term
| vasculitis- the lesions will blanch with pressure |
|
Definition
| What is unique about the rash presented with Rickettsia species? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What is the causative agent of RMSF
(rocky mountain spotted fever)? |
|
|
Term
Southeast and on eastern seaboard
(not often in the west) |
|
Definition
| Where do most cases of Rickettsia occur in the U.S.? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What does Coxiella burnetti cause? |
|
|
Term
| Coxiella burnetti; Q Fever |
|
Definition
| What type of bacteria produces unique endospores that are released when the cell disintegrates? What disorder is this bacteria seen in? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lymphatic injury associated with a clawing injury by cats is known as ______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of Cat-Scratch Fever? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What disorder starts as a small patch of papules then progresses to tender lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Elementary body and reticulate body? |
|
Definition
| What are 2 stages of the chlamydia life-cycle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which stage of chlamydia spreads the infection? |
|
|
Term
| Trachoma and Lymphogranuloma venereum |
|
Definition
| What are the 2 strains of C. throchomatis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ocular trachoma, inclusion conjunctivits (ophthalmia neonatorum) and STD's are caused by what bacteria? |
|
|
Term
| Most common STD besides HPV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What STD presents with mild dysuria and discharge? |
|
|
Term
Direct Antigen Testing
(ELISA or Immunofluorescence) |
|
Definition
| What type of test is used to diagnose Chlamydia? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atypical pneumonia (C. pneumoniae) and ornithosis (C. psittaci) are diseases that can be caused by what species? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of primary atypical pneumonia? |
|
|
Term
| Fever, chest pain, and sore throat |
|
Definition
| What are symptoms of atypical pneumonia? |
|
|
Term
| Tetracycline and Erythromycin |
|
Definition
| What antibiotics are used to treat atypical pneumonia? |
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus and Actinomyctes |
|
Definition
| What two organisms are involved with the initial stages of dental caries? |
|
|
Term
| They are secondary organisms |
|
Definition
| What is the significance of Lactobacillus, Bacteriorides, Fusobactreium, Porphyromonas, and Treponema in dental caries? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Blastomycosis, and Paracoccidioidomycosi are the true pathogens of what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia are the opportunisitc pathogens of what?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yeast that forms in warm environments (body temps) and hyphae in cooler environments is known as what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the most common fungal infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the second most common fungal infection? |
|
|
Term
| Coccidiodes immitis; the southwestern U.S. |
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of Valley Fever? Where is it an endemic? |
|
|
Term
| Very low except in immunodeficient patients |
|
Definition
| What is the mortality rate of Valley Fever? |
|
|
Term
- cough
- fever
- bone and nervous system complications
|
|
Definition
| What are symptoms of blastomycosis? |
|
|
Term
| Amphotericin B; it has multiple adverse effects but benefits outweigh the risk |
|
Definition
| This medication can be used for all of the systemic mycoses. |
|
|
Term
| Sporothrix schenckii (Sporotrichosis) |
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of rose gardeners dz? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this dz, contaminated plant matter penetrates the skin and the pathogen forms a nodule, then spreads to nearby lymph tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is a progressive subcutaneous mycosis characterized by highly visible verrucous lesions--often confused with other pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of athlete's foot? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Ointments containing tolnaftate, miconazole, or for refractory cases oral medications Lamisil or griscofulvin that are given for up to 6 months-2 years are treatments of what condition?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ringworm infection of the scalp is know as what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of ringworm infection effects the beard of men who work with animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of ringworm infection effects the entire body of those who live in hot humid areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ringworm infection of the groin is known as what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rigworm infection of the foot is known as what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ringworm infection of the hands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ringworm infection of the nails |
|
|
Term
Malassezia furfur;
Mottled, discolored skin pigmentation with some slight scaling or flaking |
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of tinea versicolor? What does it look like? |
|
|
Term
Candida Albicans
(opportunistic infection) |
|
Definition
| This is the most common causative agent of candida? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is a candida albican infection of the oral cavity that produces a thick white growth on the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat. |
|
|
Term
| Fluconazole or nystatin solution |
|
Definition
| What is the treatment of Thrush? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This fungus causes vaginal yeast infections, onychomycosis, and thrush. |
|
|
Term
Cryptococcus neoformas;
AIDS, cancer or diabetic patients |
|
Definition
What is the causative agent of Cryptococcosis?
What type o patients are susceptible? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How is cryptococcosis detected in cerebral spinal fluid? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dissemination to meninges and brain can cause severe neurological disturbances and death in this condition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of PCP in AIDS patients? |
|
|
Term
| It forms secretions in the lungs that block breathing and can be rapidly fatal |
|
Definition
| How does PCP affect the lungs? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the treatment of PCP? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Which opportunistic mycoses may be one of the most pervasive of all fungi?
|
|
|
Term
| Inhalation of spores causes fungus balls in the lungs and invasive disease in the eyes, heart and brain |
|
Definition
| Inhalation of Aspergillus fungi spores effects what organs? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is usually harmless air contaminates that invade the membranes of the nose, eyes, heart, and brain of people with diabetes, burns, leukemia, and malnutrition with severe consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following are what type of allergies?
- Asthma
- Bark stripper's disease
- Farmer's lung,
- Teapicker's lung
- Bagassosis
|
|
|
Term
- Dysentery
- Abdominal pain
- fever
- diarrhea
- weight loss
|
|
Definition
| What symptoms are caused by Entamoeba histolytica? |
|
|
Term
Large Bowel
(most pt are asymptomatic) |
|
Definition
| What organ is most effected by Entamoeba histolytica? |
|
|
Term
| Naegleria fowleri & Acanthamoeba |
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of ameobic brain infection? |
|
|
Term
| Acquired through nasal contact with water or traumatic eye damage |
|
Definition
| How are amoebic brain infections contracted? |
|
|
Term
| Domesticated animals such as pigs and cattle |
|
Definition
| What is the usual host for Balatium coli? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following disease are caused by what species?
- Urethritis in men
- cervicitis and vulvitis in women
- gingivitis and periodontal dz
|
|
|
Term
| foul smelling green to yellow frothy discharge on pelvic exam |
|
Definition
| What signs are present with T. vaginalis infections? |
|
|
Term
| Wet prep slide or urinalyses |
|
Definition
| How is T. vaginalis diagnosed? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How is T. vaginalis treated? |
|
|
Term
| Drinking water from natural streams with cysts in it |
|
Definition
| How is giardiasis contracted? |
|
|
Term
| Diarrhea and abdominal pain |
|
Definition
| What are the symptoms of giardiasis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Trypanosoma and Leishmania belong to what genera?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the two types of trypanosomiasis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of Chagas disease? |
|
|
Term
- local lesion
- fever
- swelling of lymph nodes, the spleen, and liver
|
|
Definition
| What are the sx of Chagas Disease? |
|
|
Term
| Reduvilid bug (kissing) bug |
|
Definition
| What is the vector of Chagas Disease? |
|
|
Term
| Central and South America |
|
Definition
| Where is Chagas Disease an endemic? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of african sleeping sickness? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What is the vector of african sleeping sickness?
|
|
|
Term
| African Sleeping Sickness |
|
Definition
This disease causes a damaged spleen, lymph nodes, and brain with chronic disease sx of:
- sleep disturbances
- tremors
- paralysis
- coma
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is a zoonoitc disease transmitted among mammalian hosts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the vector of Leishmaniasis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What disease presents with the following sx?
- fever
- enlarged organs
- sever disfiguring lesions
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sporozoans that lack locomotor organelles in the mature state and alternate between sexual and asexual phases and between different animal hosts are what type of parasites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of malaria? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The female Anopheles mosquito is the vector of what disease.
|
|
|
Term
4
(P. malaria, P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale) |
|
Definition
| How many different species of Malaria are there? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following sx present with what disease
- chills
- fever
- sweating
- anemia
- organ enlargement
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ring trophozoites are seen in a peripheral blood smear of what disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the reservoir of toxoplasmosis? |
|
|
Term
| Fetuses and AIDS patients |
|
Definition
| What patients are more susceptible to toxoplasmosis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symptoms of Cryptosopridium affects what organ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of patients are most susceptible to Cryptosporidium? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adult worms live in what type of host? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eggs and larvae develop in what type of host? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of host carries without infestation or development? |
|
|
Term
| Paralyzes the worm or interferes with its metabolism killing it. |
|
Definition
| How do anti-helminth medications work? |
|
|
Term
Spread from other humans
(eggs in food, drink or soiled objects placed in the mouth) |
|
Definition
| How are ascaris worms contracted? |
|
|
Term
| intestines, lungs, and GI tract |
|
Definition
| What organs are affected by ascaris? |
|
|
Term
| PE: the worms are visible in stool or nasopharynx |
|
Definition
| How is ascaris diagnosed? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What species are whipworms? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What part of the world are whipworms prevalent? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What species are pinworms? |
|
|
Term
| All temperature areas including the U.S. (in soil) |
|
Definition
| Geographically, where do pinworms occur? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How are Pinworms contracted? |
|
|
Term
| Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) |
|
Definition
| What worm causes anal pruritis especially at night? |
|
|
Term
| Necator americanus & Anclyostoma duodenale |
|
Definition
| What species are hookworms? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of worm burrows into the skin of the feet/lower legs then larvae travels from the blood to the lungs, proceed up the bronchi and throat and are swalowed. |
|
|
Term
| Stongyloides strercoralis |
|
Definition
| What is the species of threadworm? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of worm starts out as larvae that penetrate the skin and are swallowed and complete development in the intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of Trichinosis? |
|
|
Term
Trichinosis
(Trichinella spiralis) |
|
Definition
| What is acquired from eating undercooked pork or bear meat? |
|
|
Term
| Intestine, muscle, heart and brain where it forms cysts. |
|
Definition
| What organs are affected by Trichinosis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What worm belongs to the following species?
- Wuchereia bancroftu
- Onchocera volvulus
- Loa Loa
|
|
|
Term
| spread by biting insecets |
|
Definition
| How are Filarial worms contracted? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What species cause elephantitis? |
|
|
Term
| Blockage of the lymphatic system |
|
Definition
| What causes the massive swelling associated with elephantitis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What speceis does the african eye worm belong to? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the most common species of trematodes (flukes)? |
|
|
Term
| from eating raw beef or pork |
|
Definition
| How are flatworms contracted? |
|
|
Term
| Taenia saginata and Taenia solium |
|
Definition
| What species are flatworms? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following viruses are what type of viruses?
Â
- Poxviruses
- Herpes virus
- Hepanda Virus
- Adenovirus
- Papovavirus
- Parvovirus
 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the only single stranded DNA virus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of smallpox? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What disease causes the following sx:
Â
- fever
- malaise
- fatigue
- painful scarring rash (papules to vesicles to pustules)
 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the mortality rate of smallpox? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of molluscum contagiosum? |
|
|
Term
| Transmitted by direct contact and fomites |
|
Definition
| How is molluscum contagiousum contracted? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What virus can be treated by freezing, electrical cautery, and chemical agents; can be cleared by the immune system? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What virus do the complications of latency and recurrent infections become more severe with age, cancer chemotherapy and immunosuppression? |
|
|
Term
| They are very similar--difference is in the site of lesions but either can occur at all sites |
|
Definition
| What is the difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2? |
|
|
Term
| Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir |
|
Definition
| What is the treatment (meds) for HSV-1 and HSV-2? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cranial nerve is often involved with HSV-1 infections? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A herpes infection of the finger usually due to occupational exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Varicella-zoster virus is the causative agent of what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reactivation of chickenpox that occurs in the dermatomes in time of stress |
|
|
Term
Tx: Acyclovir
Prevention: vaccine |
|
Definition
| What is the treatment and prevention of chicken pox and shingles? |
|
|
Term
| fetuses, immunodeficient adults (HIV), and transplant patients |
|
Definition
| What patients are of most concern in CMV (cytomegalovirus) infections? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of mononucleosis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following virus presents with the following sx:
- sore throat
- exudative pharyngitis
- high fever
- cervical LAD
- HSM
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How is mononucleosis diagnosed? |
|
|
Term
- mononucleosis
- Burkit's Lymphoma (develops in the jaw)
|
|
Definition
| What diseases are caused by EBV (Epstein Barr Virus)? |
|
|
Term
| Patients immunocompromised by a coinfection |
|
Definition
| What type of patients is EBV more prevalent? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the causative agent of roseola infantum? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple Sclerosis may be associated with what virus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kaposi's sarcoma is associated with what virus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the hepatitis viruses is a DNA virus? |
|
|
Term
Hep A and Hep B
(no vaccine for Hep C) |
|
Definition
| Which hepatitis viruses are preventable by vaccine? |
|
|
Term
| Sexually transmitted and blood borne |
|
Definition
| How is Hep B and Hep C transmitted? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How is Hep A transmitted? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How is chronic hepatitis treated? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What protects people after exposure to hepatitis? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of hepatitis is linked to liver cancer? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following are caused by what type of viruses?
Â
- colds
- pharyngitis
- conjunctivitis
- keratoconjunctivitis
- acute hemorrhagic cystitis
 |
|
|
Term
| Papillomavirus and Polyomavirus |
|
Definition
| What two subtypes of papovaviruses cause disease in humans? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many different strains of HPV infect humans? |
|
|
Term
| Direct contact or fomites |
|
Definition
| How is papillomavirus transmitted? |
|
|
Term
| 2 weeks to more than a year |
|
Definition
| How long is the incubation period of papillomavirus? |
|
|
Term
- Podophyllin or trichloroacetic acid chemical tx
- cauterization
- freezing
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What does the Gardasil vaccine protect against? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following disorders are caused by what virus?
- distemper in cats
- enteric dz in dogs
- fatal cardiac infection in puppies
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the 5th disease of childhood? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is erythema infectiousum caused by? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the treatment of erythema infectiosum? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of virus is influenza A? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This virus needs a new vaccine every year because of its antigenic drift and antigenic shift from year to year leading to a new strain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the vaccine option for influenza A? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of patients are most susceptible to the flu? |
|
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Term
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Definition
| Influenza is among the top _____ causes of death in the U.S. |
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Definition
The following sx present with what virus?
- fever
- HA
- myalgia
- malaise
- pharyngeal pain
- SOB
- Cough
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Term
- Amantadine
- Rimantadine
- Zanamivir
- Oseltramivir
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Definition
| What are some treatment (meds) for the flu? |
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Term
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Definition
| A syndrome of degeneration of the brain, liver, and kidney linked to the use of aspirin in children to control the fever of influenza. |
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Term
| Don't give Aspirin to children |
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Definition
| How can Reye's syndrome be avoided? |
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Term
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Definition
The following diseases are caused by what viruses?
- Lassa fever
- Argentine Hemorrhagic fever
- Bolivian Hemorrhagic fever
- Lymphocytic Chroiomeningitis
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Term
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Definition
| Parainfluenza, mumps, and measles are what type of viruses? |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of virus induces the cell membrane of adjacent cells to fuse into large multinucleate giant cells thus passing the virus to new cells while avoiding antibodies. |
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Definition
| What is the causative agent of croup? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the causative agent of mumps? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the causative agent of measles (rubeola)? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the causative agent of German Measles (Rubella)? |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny white lesions with a red border that form on the inside of the mouth adjacent to the molars |
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Term
| Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) |
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Definition
| A progressive neurological degeneration of the cerebral cortex, white matter and brain caused by measles. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the most prevalent cause of respiratory infection in children 6 months or younger |
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Term
- fever
- pharyngitis
- wheezing
- otitis media
- cough
- dyspnea
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Definition
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Term
| Antigen testing of nasal washings |
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Definition
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Term
| Synagias, a monoclonal antibody blocks viral attachment to cells of RSV immunoglobulin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What is the causative agent of rabies? |
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Term
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Definition
| This virus is spread to humans by bites, scratches, or aerosol droplets. |
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Term
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Definition
| Furious and dumb are forms of what virus |
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Term
| raccoons, skunks, bats, and canines |
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Definition
| What are the most common animals that carry rabies in the U.S.? |
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Term
Not definitely diagnosed until autopsy
(negri bodies in the brain) |
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Definition
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Term
- Wound is washed and infused with rabies immune globulin (HRIG) which is also injected IM
- Vaccine (HDCV) multiple doses needed
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The following diseases are caused by what virus?
- Hep C
- enteric virus
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
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Term
non-immunized pregnant women;
because contracting rubella may cause severe congenital deformities |
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Definition
| What patients are at great risk if exposed to rubella? Why? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the prevention of rubella? |
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Term
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Definition
The following diseases are caused by what type of virus?
- Dengue Fever
- Western and European Equine encephalitis
- Yellow fever
- West Nile Virus
- Colorado Tick Fever
- California & St Louis Encephalitis
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Term
| Yellow fever and Dengue fever |
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Definition
| What type of arboviruses are considered hemorrhagic fevers? |
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Term
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Definition
HTLV-1 and HTLV-II & HIV-1 and HIV-2 are considered what type of viruses?
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Term
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Definition
| What type of virus is unique in that it encodes reveres transcriptase enzymes which makes a DNA copy of their RNA genome? |
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Term
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Definition
| What diseases do retroviruses (HIV and HTLV) cause? |
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Term
| blood, semen, and vaginal secretions |
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Definition
| In what body fluids is HIV found? |
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Term
Sex, sharing needles, and mother to fetus
(almost any type of body fluid exposure) |
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Definition
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Term
| T-helper cells and macrophages |
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Definition
| What cells are targeted by HIV? |
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Term
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Definition
The following are the first signs of what disease:
- Thrush
- PCP
- Kaposi Sarcoma
- LAD
- Sudden weight loss
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Term
- TB
- PCP
- Kaposi's Sarcoma
- Esophageal Candidiasis
- Waisting Syndrome
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Definition
| What are the top 5 ADC's (AIDS defining conditions)? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the AIDS indicator CD4 T-cell count? |
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Term
Homosexual or bisexuals-45%
Intravenous drug users-30%
Heterosexual partners of HIV carriers-11% |
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Definition
| What type of patients are at greatest risk for HIV in the U.S.? |
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Term
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Definition
| What may be an ADC (AIDS defining condition) in women with HIV? |
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Term
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Definition
| How soon after an initial infection of HIV is an antibody detectable? |
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Term
| 2-15 years-- longer with treatment |
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Definition
| How long can the latency period of HIV last? |
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Term
Inhibit viral enzymes: reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase
and inhabit viral translation |
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Definition
| What do HIV treatments target? |
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Term
| Avoid high risk behavior, use condoms, and use universal precautions when handling fluids |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 different strains of Enterovirus |
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Definition
| What is the causative agent of Polio and Hepatitis A? |
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Term
Polio and Hepatitis A
(Enteroviruses) |
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Definition
| Coxsackie virus and echovirus are in the same family as what viruses? |
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Term
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Definition
| What causes flaccid paralysis but sensation is intact--very painful virus |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the portal of entry of Polio? |
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Term
| Oral or injectable vaccine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What is the causative agent of the pediatric illness Hand-Foot-Mouth disease? |
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Term
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Definition
| This virus' route of transmission is fecal-oral. It is spread by contaminated food from worker with active infection. |
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Term
| Surface antigens are too numerous and complex to make a vaccine |
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Definition
| Why is it difficult to make a vaccine against rhinovirus? |
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Term
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Definition
| How do we prevent rhinovirus since their is no vaccine? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which virus causes a serious diarrheal disease that may be fatal in children? |
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Term
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Definition
| What virus causes 50% of cases of diarrhea and death of over 600,000 children |
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Term
| infectious proteins called prions |
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Definition
| What are the causative agents of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)? |
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Term
| causes spongioform encephalopathies |
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Definition
| What does Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) do to the brain? |
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