Term
| Name three pathological species of Chlamydiae. |
|
Definition
C. Trachomatis: blinding trachoma, STD
C. Psittaci: atypical pneumonia
C. Pneumoniae: " |
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Term
| C. Trachomatis Serotype A,B,C |
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Definition
| Blinding Trachoma: scarring of conjunctivitis --> blindness in developing countries |
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Term
|
Definition
STD
female: cervicitis --> salpingitis/PID --> infertility
male: Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) -> epididimits/prostatitis |
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Term
|
Definition
STD, Lymphogranuloma Venerium
-> lesions, infection, inflamed LN, suppurative lymphadenopathy |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Glycogen inclusions stained with Iodine
Serological tests for atypical pneumonia ones |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chlamydiae: inert, sporelike, travel to infect other cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chlamydiae: active body that replicates and then turns into more Elementary bodies |
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Term
| Mucopurulent/Neonatal Conjunctivitis |
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Definition
| Caused by C. Trachomatis (D-K) transfers as baby travels through vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-14 wks after birth. C. Trachomatis is inhaled by the baby |
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Term
| Chlamydiae: Gram +? or -? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| no peptidoglycan, no muramic acid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tetracyclines, macrolides |
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Term
|
Definition
| C. Trachomatis L1, L2, L3 |
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Term
| Rickettsia (general info) |
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Definition
G- rod. short!
obligate intracellular pathogen |
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Term
| How is Rickettsia transmitted? |
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Definition
Arthropod bites.
Except Coxiella- inhale spores |
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Term
| What are three pathogenic species of Rickettsia? |
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Definition
R. Rickettsii
R. Prowazekii
Coxiella Burnetti |
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Term
| What is the pathogenesis of Rickettsia? |
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Definition
- Endothelial clls-> vasculitis -> rash, edema, hemorrhage
- Endotoxin -> DIC |
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Term
| What is the treatment for Rickettsia? |
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Definition
| Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol |
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Term
| What three diseases are caused by Rickettsia? |
|
Definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (R. Rickettsii)
Epidemic Typhus (R. Prowazekii)
Q Fever (Coxiella Burnetti) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Recurrent mild epidemic typhus caused by R. Prowazekii. Seen in WWII vets |
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Term
| Are there vaccines for Rickettsia? |
|
Definition
Yes - R. Prowazekki and Coxiella Burnetti
No - R. Rickettsii |
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Term
|
Definition
R. Prowazekii
-transmitted by louse
-lesion (trunk -> appendages) |
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|
Term
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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Definition
reservoir: dogs ... transmitted: ticks
lesions (wrist/legs ->trunk)
myalgias, headaches, fever at onset |
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Term
|
Definition
caused by Coxiella Burnetti
inhalation of spore -> pneumonia
can lead to endocarditis |
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Term
|
Definition
| shows Rickettsia Ab's via cross reaction with Proteus Vulgaris |
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Term
| Haemaphilus Influenza culture |
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Definition
| chocolate agar with factor V (NAD) and X (heme) |
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Term
| Which serotype of Haemophilus Influenza is the most virulent? |
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Definition
| Type B --> pediatric meningitis and sepsis |
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Term
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Definition
inhale aerosal droplets -> upper respiratory infection
IgA Protease -> invasion! |
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Term
| What diseases are caused by HaEMOPhilus Influenza? |
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Definition
Epiglottitis
Meningitis
Otitis Media
Pneumonia |
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Term
| Is H. Influenza sensitive to Penecillin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What drugs can you treat H. Influenza with? |
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Definition
Ceftriaxone
respiratory: Amoxicillin clavulanate or TMP- SMX |
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Term
| Is there a vaccine for H. Influenza? |
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Definition
| Yes. Capsular Polysaccharide with a carrier protein |
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Term
| Name three pathogenic Maycoplasma bacteria. |
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Definition
M. Pneumoniae
M. Hominus
M. Urealiticum |
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Term
| Mycoplasma (general properties) |
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Definition
- no cell wall!
- has cholesterol in membrane |
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Term
| What bac is the only one with cholesterol? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
15% of sexually active people have it
-> Pyelonephritis, PID, Post partum fevers |
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Term
|
Definition
- causes Ureaplasma Urethritis or NGU
- 45-75% of sexually active ppl have it
- Urease : urea -> NH3 raises pH |
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Term
| Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (virulence factors) |
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Definition
Super Ag -> release inflammator cytokines (CD14 ind)
Inhibits Catalase |
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Term
| Is there a vaccine for Mycoplasma Pneumoniae? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-Xrays .. look bad before respiratory symptoms
- sputum culture |
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Term
| Bordetella Pertusis (general) |
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Definition
| Coccobacillary, encapsulated... noninvasive |
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Term
| B. Pertusis (pathogenesis) |
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Definition
| inhaled respiratory droplet -> ciliated epithelial cells with Hemagglutinin (HA) |
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Term
|
Definition
-ADP ribosylation of inactive Gi, which inhibits adenyl cyclase. Increase in cAMP leads to increase Protein Kinase activity -> mucus production
-block chomkine receptors -> Lymphocytosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| grown on Bordet Gengou medium with fluorescent staining |
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Term
|
Definition
| with Exotoxin increase Nitrous Oxide to kill epithelial cell |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1. heat killed : not in US
2. Acellular/purified proteins: Toxoid "Boostrix" |
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Term
|
Definition
Upper Respiratory Injection
-> severe paroxysmal cough (1-4 wks)
(hacking + mucus+ inspiratory whoop) |
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|
Term
| what disease does Legionella cause? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| on Charcoal yeast media with Iron and Cystein |
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Term
| Does Legionella have an endotoxin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Does Legionella have an exotoxin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do you prevent Legionella infection? |
|
Definition
- stop drinking, smoking
- heat water and add chlorine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Erythromycin or Fluroquinolines (also vs. mycoplasma and strep) |
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Term
| Brucellosis (three species) |
|
Definition
B. melitensis (sheep) infects humans
B. Abortus (cattle)
B. suis (Pigs) |
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Term
|
Definition
- Reticuloendothelial system -> granuloma ->caseating abscess
- UNDULATING fever with enlarged LN, spleen, liver |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Rifampin and tetracycline |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Francesella Tularensis (diseases) |
|
Definition
Tularemai (lesion, LN systemic)
Ulcerogland Disease (enlarged liver, spleen LN ->granuloma -> caseous |
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Term
| Francesella Tularensis (reservoir) (vector) |
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Definition
| Rabbit or deer. Dermocenter Ticks via transovarian route |
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Term
| Can you transfer Francesella Tularensis person to person? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Francesella Tularensis Tx |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Yersinia Pestic (diseases) |
|
Definition
Plague
- Bubonic Plague
- Pneumonic Plague |
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Term
| Yersinia Pestis (virulence factors) |
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Definition
1. Polysaccharide capsule (F1 inhibits phagocytosis)
2. Proteins
3. Exotoxin: V and W antigen (survive in Macrophage)
4. yersinia Outer Protein (YOP): inhibits cytokinds... decrease TNF-a via Type III Secretion |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bubonic = lymphadenopathy w. lesions -> pneumonic plague and cyanosis |
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Term
| What happens when a flea is infected w. Yersinia Pestis? |
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Definition
| The ingested blood will clot because of COAGULASE. Increased bacterial numbers and fibrin will block proventricus of flea. The flea can't eat but will try and regurgitate bacteria onto a new host. |
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Term
| Two cycles of Yersina Pestis |
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Definition
Urban Cycle : urban rats/ fleas
Sylvatic Cycle : wild rodents (prairie dogs)/fleas |
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Term
| What type of secretion does Yersina Outer Protein use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cytokine does YOP inhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What antigens are present on the Yersinia Pestis Exotoxin? |
|
Definition
| V and W Ag... which survive in the macrophage |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Bipolar staining ... looks like a safety pin |
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Term
| Endogenous Anaerobic Flora (general properties) |
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Definition
1. infect near colonized mucous
2. cause foul-smelling abscess
3. Gas in tissue
4. Necrotic tissue
5. Usually mixed with facultative bacteria |
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|
Term
| Endogenous anaerobic flora infection Tx |
|
Definition
Clindamycin and Metro Nidazole
*not Aminoglycosides |
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Term
| Anaerobic Pathogesn (2 classes) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G-, coccibaccilus, gentamicyn kanamysin resistant...
*most pathogenic of the anaerobic normal flora |
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|
Term
| What is the most pathogenic species of Bacteroids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteroid Fragilis (virulence factors) |
|
Definition
1. Polysacc capsule (antiphagocytic_ -> abscess
2. LPS (weak)
3. aerotolerance bc of Superoxide dismutase and CATALASE
4. NEURAMIDASE
5. LIPASE/PRotease |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abscesses, peritonitis, septicemia |
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Term
| Porphyromas and Prevotella (culture) |
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Definition
| -grown on blood media, produce black pigment w. Fe |
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Term
| Porphyromas and Prevotella (endogenous location) |
|
Definition
Oral (both)
Vagina (prevotella) |
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|
Term
| Fusobacterium Nucleatum (shape) |
|
Definition
| fusiform: long and slender with taper |
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|
Term
| Fusobacterium Nucleatum (virulence factor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peptococcus and Peptostrep |
|
Definition
| mixed anaerobic infections |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| endogenous facultative bacteria |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| oral anaerobic endogenous pathogen |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| endogenous anaerobic pathogenic bacteria that lives on the skin -> ACNE |
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|
Term
| Eubacterium and Bifidobacterium |
|
Definition
| endogenous pathogenic anaerobic bac found in fecal flora |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. C. Difficile
2. C. Perfringens
3. C. tetanus
4. C. Botulinum |
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|
Term
| What disease does Clostridium Difficile cause? |
|
Definition
| Pseudomembranous colitis (introgenic infection) |
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|
Term
| What is a Introgenic infection? |
|
Definition
Infection caused by medical treatment
ex) C. Difficile infection |
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|
Term
| What bacteria causes Gas Gangrene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double zone of inhibition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tetanospasmin: travels from peripheral nerve endings to axon to cell body to spinal cord and inhibits inhibitory signals --> Convulsive contractions -> Lockjaw -> respiratory failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. antitoxin
2. surgery, antibiotic, booster |
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|
Term
| Clostridium Botulinum (culture) |
|
Definition
| Large, greyish colonies, hemolytic |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. Classic/Foodborn: flaccid paralysis -> resp failure
2. Wound: rarest (toxin released in vivo)
3. Infant: honey (toxin released in vivo) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. trivalent Antitoxin (vs. A,B,E Toxins)
2. Antibiotics (won't work with classic) |
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