Term
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Definition
self-feeders
can synthesize their own food from simple compounds and solar energy
photosynthetic |
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Term
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Definition
pond scum
secrete cyanotoxins that can cause disease or death to wildlife and humans |
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Term
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Definition
other feeders
must acquire food from large organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
mutualism
relationship where bacteria and man both benefit from each other |
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Term
| Example of Symbiosis Relationship |
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Definition
E. coli lives in intestines
produces vitamin K, which helps in blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship where bacteria may benefit and man receives no real benefit or harm |
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Term
| Types of Microbial Relationships |
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Definition
| symbiosis, commensalism, synergism, opportunism, parasitism |
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Term
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Definition
| Staphylococcus epidermis - lives on us, does not harm us |
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Term
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Definition
| several species of bacteria accomplish together what neither bacteria could accomplish individually |
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Term
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Definition
Tooth Decay
lactobacillus in saliva uses carbs on teeth as nutrient, produces acid as waste, acid dissolves enamel, other bacteria invade |
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Term
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Definition
an organism may be pathogenic to a host if the host's immune system is compromised
these organisms are often part of the host's normal flora |
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Term
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Definition
| Candida albicans - yeast infections |
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Term
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Definition
relationship where one organism benefits and another is harmed
these organisms are also called pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
bacteria that grow best at cold temperatures
optimum growth falls between 32 - 65 *F
refrigerator bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
bacteria that grow best at moderate temperatures
optimum growth falls between 65 - 105*F
body temperature 98.6*F |
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Term
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Definition
bacteria that grow best at warm temperatures
optimum growth falls between 120 - 180*F |
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Term
| Bacteria that grow above 90*C and survive up to 113*F are called ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Some organisms that are not thermophiles but can survive high temperatures are called... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
require an environment that contains at least atmospheric oxygen
grows at the top of the liquid in a test tube |
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Term
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Definition
organisms that do not require an oxygen environment for either growth or reproduction
many anaerobes are considered strict anaerobes - absolutely no oxygen
grow in the liquid at the bottom of a test tube |
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Term
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Definition
organisms that can grow in either the presence or absence of oxygen
most clinically important bacteria tend to fall into this group |
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Term
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Definition
grow best in an oxygen-limited environment
no O2 is lethal, but too much O2 is also lethal
grows in the middle of the liquid in the test tube |
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Term
| Most bacteria have an internal pH of approx... |
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Definition
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Term
| Most bacteria grow best at a pH of ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Acidic foods do not usually spoil from bacteria but do provide a suitable environment for the growth of ... |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common cause of stomach ulcers is a spirochete called Helicobacter pylori that grows in the stomach at a pH of ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria cannot grow well in an environment that is highly salty or sugary, which is called .... |
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Definition
| hypertonic or hyperosmotic |
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Term
| High salt or sugar content tends to draw water out of the organism, thereby .... |
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Definition
| dehydrating and killing it |
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Term
| An organism that we use in lab that can survive in salty environments, Staphylococcus aureous, referred to ... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mannitol Salt (7.5% NaCl) selected for growth of Staphylococcus |
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Term
| Coccus-Shaped Bacteria of Medical Importance |
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Definition
| Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| It's pathogenicity comes from several toxins that are collectively known as... |
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Definition
| virulence factors or aggressins |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus
clots the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus
destroys red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus
destroys red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus
destroys white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus
affects digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus
loss of layers of the skin |
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Term
| Staph causes several superficial skin diseases, such as... |
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Definition
| acne, boils, impetigo, scalded skin syndrome (mostly newborns) |
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Term
| Staph may also become ...., invade the tissues under skin and cause osteomyelitis or even bacterial meningitis, although it is not a major cause of meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
| Treated with ATBs, although many strains of Staph are resistant and have therefore become troublesome... infections |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of resistant Staph |
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Definition
MRSA
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus |
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Term
| Percentage of the population that carries MRSA... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Chains of Strep can vary in length from only a several to ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Like Staph, its pathogenicity also comes from... many of which are the same as Staph |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyrogenic (Erythrogenic) toxin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat), scarlet fever, complications from strep throat like rheumatic fever and otitis media (middle ear inflammation) |
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Term
| Lancefield classification of Streptococcus... |
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Definition
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Term
| Group A of Lancefield classification |
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Definition
| S. pyrogenes - causes strep throar, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, puerperal fever, impetigo, and necrotizing fasciitis |
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Term
| Group B of Lancefield classification |
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Definition
S. agalactiae - causes streptococcal disease of the newborn
10-30% of women harbor group B strep in their reproductive tract as part of their normal flora
can infect fetus during delivery
mortality rate of 50% if untreated
Group B Strep test - 35-37 weeks pregnant, given ATBs if positive |
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Term
| Streptococcus is also a major cause of bacterial meningitis, which is... |
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Definition
more dangerous than the viral form
can be fatal in a short time
more contagious than the viral form
symptoms - headache, fever, stiff neck, petechia, confusion |
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Term
| Three-quarters of all cases of bacterial meningitis are caused by 3 primary genera of bacteria |
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Definition
Streptococcus in adults
Neisseria in children |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Neisseria bacteria are not |
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Definition
| perfectly round but egg-shaped (coccobacillus) |
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Term
| Two Neisseria genera that cause disease... |
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Definition
Neisseria gonorrhea
Neisseria meningitidis |
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Term
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Definition
| causes second most common sexually transmitted disease |
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Term
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Definition
| causes a type of bacteria meningitis |
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Term
| Bacillus-shaped organisms |
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Definition
Bacillus
Clostridium
Corynebacteria
Mycobacterium
Klebsiella
Salmonella
Shigella
Escherichia coli
Bordetella
Borellia
Treponema
Pseudomonas
Legionella
Hemophilus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bacillus is one of the medically significant... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Clostridium, like Bacillus, also forms... |
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Definition
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Term
| Clostridium is also a strict... |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| botulism, tetanus, and gas gangrene by releasing toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| pleomorphic - meaning more than one shape of bacteria in a colony |
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Term
| Corynebacteria is associated with the respiratory illness... |
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Definition
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Term
| Diphtheria begins as an upper respiratory infection, but may become more serious as a ... |
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Definition
| pseudomembrane and toxemia develop |
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Term
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Definition
| false membrane - combination of pus, dead respiratory cells and bacteria - can obstruct airway |
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Term
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Definition
| toxins in bloodstream (from bacteria) |
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Term
| Children today are protected by the DTaP vaccine - called a |
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Definition
| trivalent vaccine because it protects again 3 specific diseases |
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Term
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Definition
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertusis (whooping cough) |
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Term
| The booster individuals recieve after their DTaP series is called the ... |
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Definition
| TDaP because is the tetanus portion is stronger |
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Term
| If an individual is already suffering from any of the DTaP diseases, they are given ... |
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Definition
| the TDaP vaccine, a dose of antitoxin against the disease, and treated with ATBs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
tough, waxy cell that is very resistant to ATBs
pathogenically comes from its ability to avoid destruction by the body
produces no toxins |
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Term
| Mycobacterium is the causative again of two diseases |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory disease where the organism is transmitted by mucus droplets (called aerosol method) from infected individuals to healthy individuals |
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Term
| Three stages of Tuberculosis |
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Definition
Primary TB
Secondary TB
Extrapulmonary (miliary) TB |
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Term
| Tuberculosis diagnosed using the... |
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Definition
| tuberculin skin (Mantoux) test |
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Term
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Definition
| tubercules found in lungs, treatable |
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Term
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Definition
| tubercules found higher in respiratory system, still treatable |
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Term
| Extrapulmonary (miliary) TB |
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Definition
| tubercules found outside respiratory system, not easily treatable |
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Term
| Tuberculin skin (Mantous) test |
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Definition
a portion of the organism is injected under the skin and reaction is read at 24 hours to determine if an induration (welt) is formed
test is considered positive if induration is 10 mm or more in diameter
test is then repeated a second time |
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Term
| A positive result may not always indicate TB, but it may mean... |
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Definition
you have been exposed and have antibodies
you can get a chest x-ray to double check |
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Term
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Definition
a degenerative condition that strikes two to five years after inocculation of the Mycobacterium into the body
begins as lesions on the skin and can become systemic |
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Term
| Mycobacterium (tuberculosis) can be treated with ... for 6 to 24 months |
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Definition
| combination therapy (several drugs at once) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory infactions like pneumonia, sepsis (severe systemic response to bacterial infection) and bacterial meningitis |
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Term
| Klebsiella bacteria are... |
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Definition
normal flora in the human intestines
are found in human feces
can be spread in a healthcare setting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Salmonella is often found in ... |
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Definition
birds and reptiles
is spread by ingesting their contaminated feces causing salmonellosis
said to be spread by the fecal-oral route |
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Term
| Salmonella toxins are released when... |
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Definition
the organism dies causing vomiting, intestinal illness, cramping, headache, diarrhea, and even fever
approx. 12-24 hours after ingesting contaminated food |
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Term
| Salmonella is often not treated with ... |
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Definition
antibiotics, but only with medicine that eases the symptoms
ATB treatment may also get rid of the good bacteria and leave some Salmonella in that can still be spread to others |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| diarrheal illness called shigellosis |
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Term
| Those infected with Shigella develop... |
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Definition
| diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps a day or so after they are exposed to the bacteria |
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Term
| Those with shigellosis in the US rarely require... |
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Definition
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Term
| Some persons infected with no symptoms, but may still pass the bacteria with others are called... |
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Definition
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