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Microbiology
Pages 1-9
38
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
01/21/2019

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Biology
Definition
study of living organisms
Term
Microbiology
Definition
study of microorganisms
Term
Normal Flora
Definition
AKA resident flora, 95% of all microorganisms, do not cause disease
Term
Transient Flora
Definition
Pathogenic flora, 5% of all microorganism, cause disease
Term
Life Expectancy of a male in the US in 1776?
Definition
35
Term
People given mercury to cure?
Definition
STDs (sexually transmitted diseases
Term
Bleeding with?
Definition
leeches
Term
Boring holes in a patient's skull?
Definition
to let the "evil spirits" that cause illness of escape
Term
Fracastoro
Definition
1500's, claimed disease was spread by little seeds that pass through the air from infected person to uninfected person
Term
One of the most important advances in the study of microorganisms what the development of ....
Definition
the microscope
Term
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Definition
dutch, first developer of the microscope, had a magnification of 200x, viewed and drew the three basic shapes of bacteria
Term
Coccus
Definition
looks like circles
Term
Bacillus
Definition
looks like rods
Term
Spirillum
Definition
looks like spirals
Term
Progress in the study of microbes was slow because...
Definition
microscopes were not readily available, and microbes were not viewed as medically important
Term
Miasma Theory
Definition
a miasma, which is defined as some altered quality of the atmosphere arose from dead and dying bodies and spread disease to other individuals
Term
Spontaneous Generation Theory
Definition
states that life comes from non-life
Term
Biogenesis Theory
Definition
shows that living things can only come from other living things, disproves spontaneous generation theory
Term
Francesco Redi
Definition
helped disprove spontaneous generation theory by putting meat in two jars, one with a lid and one open, and maggots only grew in the open jar
Term
Louis Pasteur
Definition
provided final evidence of biogenesis and the final defeat of spontaneous generation theory using an experiment with swan-necked flasks
Term
Edward Jenner
Definition
late 1700's, established prophylactic measures to prevent disease before it could occur, found the first vaccination for smallpox by using the cowpox disease to gain immunity.
Term
How does vaccination or immunization protect a person?
Definition
vaccine is recognized as foreign by immune system, and immune system produces protective proteins called antibodies that will recognize and destroy the actual pathogen
Term
Semmelweis
Definition
Hungarian in mid 1800's, realized that the high infant mortality rate was from physicians not washing hands between deliveries, and washing with chlorine water
Term
Snow
Definition
english in mid 1800's, founder of epidemiology, which is tracing disease through a population
Term
Louis Pasteur, part 2
Definition
developed pasteurization using wine
Term
Pasteurization is
Definition
gently heating
Term
Two types of pasteurization
Definition
Flash - 160 degrees F for 15-20 seconds
Ultra - 250 degrees F for 1 second
Term
Robert Koch
Definition
late 1800's, established the germ theory of disease, now known as Koch's postulates; animal dies, microbes observed and isolated into pure culture, used to inoculate healthy animal, if it dies with the same symptoms then that was pathogenic microorganisms. Repeated several times
Term
Exceptions to Koch's Postulates
Definition
not all pathogens can grow in vitro,

some pathogens are host specific and only grow in certain animals,

some infections are caused by the combined effects of two or more different microorganisms

some diseases are not caused by microorganisms
Term
Joseph Lister
Definition
called "father of aseptic (sterile) procedure", sprayed disinfectant called phenol on patients skin and instruments before surgery
Term
Gram
Definition
developed Gram stain technique to identify bacteria, identify as Gram positive and Gram negative
Term
Gram positive
Definition
blue/purple in microscope
Term
Gram negative
Definition
red/pink in microscope
Term
Fleming
Definition
developed first antibiotic from mold called penicillin
Term
Salk
Definition
developed first polio virus vaccine, inactivated or "killed" vaccine
Term
Sabin
Definition
developed second polio vaccine with "live" vaccine, comprised of attenuated or weakened virus particles to stimulate production antibodies
Term
Killed (IPV) Polio vaccine
Definition
Salk, inocculated polio vaccine, larger doses, frequent boosters
Term
Attenuated (OPV) polio vaccine
Definition
Sabin, oral polio vaccine, "weakened", smaller doses, fewer boosters, but more likely to revert back to pathogenic form
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