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| The study of microorganisms |
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| disease caused by the microorganism Bacillus anthracis, a bacterium that forms endospores and infiltrates the body by ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation. |
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| is a bacterium in its dormant state that forms within a cell. |
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| disease causing microorganism. Some infect humans and not animals and plants and vice versa |
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
causes tuberculosis.
This bacterium affects the lung tissue when droplets of respiratory secretions or particles of dry sputum from a person who is infected with the disease are inhaled by an uninfected person. |
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| Giardia lamblia, Escherichia coli, or Entameba histolytica |
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| Microorganisms are organized into six fields of study |
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| bacteriology, virology, mycology, phycology, protozoology, and parasitology |
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| The study of bacteria. Bacteria are Prokaryotic organisms which are one-celled and do not have a true nucelus |
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| The study of viruses. A virus is a submicroscopic, parasitic, acellular entity composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat. Parasitic acellular means that a virus receives food and shelter from another organism and is not divided into cells. An example of a virus is the varicella-zoster virus (Fig. 1-3), which is the virus that causes chickenpox in humans. |
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| The study of fungi. A fungus is a eukaryotic organism, often microscopic, that absorbs nutrients from its external environment. Fungi are not photosynthetic. A eukaryotic microorganism is a microorganism whose cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm and organelles. These include yeasts and some molds. Tinea pedis, better known as athlete’s foot, is caused by a fungus. |
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| Is the study of algae.Algae are eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms that transform sunlight into nutrients using photosynthesis. A eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganism is a microorganism whose cells have a nucleus, nuclear envelope, cytoplasm, and organelles and that is able to carry out photosynthesis. |
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| The study of protozoaanimal-like single-cell microorganisms that can be found in aquatic environments. Many obtain their food by engulfing or ingesting smaller organisms. Protozoa are found in aquatic and terrestrial environments. An example is Amoeba proteus. |
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| The study of parasites. A parasite is an organism that lives at the expense of another organism or host. Parasites that cause disease are called pathogens. Examples of parasites are bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and many animals such as worms, flatworms, and arthropods (insects). |
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| Bacteria that have peptidoglycan cell walls. (Peptidoglycan is the molecular structure of the cell walls of eubacteria which consists of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, tetrapeptide, side chain and murein.) |
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| Prokaryotes that do not have peptidoglycan walls |
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| Organisms that come from kingdoms |
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| insects,worms,sponges,and vertabraes |
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| moss,conifers,ferns,flowering plants,algae |
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| one-celled yeasts, multicellular molds, and mushrooms. |
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| algae, protozoa, slime molds. |
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| Nutrients prepared for microbial growth |
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| Microbes introduced into the medium |
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| Microbes growing in / on culture medium |
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| Exact chemical composition is known |
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| Extracts and digests of yeasts, meats, or plants |
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| Rapid cooling of pure culture in suspension liquid -50 to -95C good for several years |
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| Lyophilization(Freeze-Drying) |
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| Frozen (-54 to -72C) and dehydrated in a vacuum good for many years |
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| The division of a bacterial cell. Parental cell enlarges and duplicates its DNA Septum formation divides the cell into two separate chambers. complete divisions results in two identical cells |
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| absence of significant contamination |
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| hospital acquired infection |
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| removal of all microbial life (heat,filtration) |
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| To kill C.botulinum endospores |
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| mechanical removal of microbes |
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| reduces microbial numbers to safe levels |
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| Inhibits bacterial reproduction |
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| Signification number reduction |
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| Cresols (lysol) disinfectant |
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| Hexachlorphone(used in surgeries and nurseries) |
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| Ehthyl alcohol(rubbing alcohol) |
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| Germicidial and skin degerming. 70% concentration dissolve membrane lipids, disrupt cell surface tension, denatures proteins |
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| Protect cell against osmotic lysis, 3 main types are Gram Positive, Gram negative, and Acid-fast. |
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| Think layer of petidoglycan 20 80 nm and is negatively charged teichoic acid on surface. |
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| Thin Peptidoglycan 1 to 3 nm. Outer membrane |
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Definition
Transmission:Cattle can carry E. coli O157:H7 in their intestines and appear healthy.
Mode of transmission
Transmission is by the oral-fecal route through ingestion of contaminated meat and through anything contaminated with cow feces, including unpasteurized cider, and petting zoos in fairs. |
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