Term
Sub-Disciplines of microbiology:
Bacteriology |
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Sub-Disciplines of microbiology:
Mycology |
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Sub-Disciplines of microbiology:
Phycology |
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Sub-Disciplines of microbiology:
protozoology |
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Sub-Disciplines of microbiology:
virology |
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Term
Sub-Disciplines of microbiology:
immunology |
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Definition
| the study of immune system |
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Term
| in what way are microbes helpful |
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Definition
account for atmospheric oxygen on earth, essential for decomposition of dead organisms
industrial food: preserve food, compounds for antibiotics |
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Definition
when humans manipulate microorganisms to make a products in industrial setting
GMO, Recombinant DNA (used to make specific protiens) |
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Definition
| introducing microbes in environment to clean up and restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants |
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| in what ways are microbes harmful |
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Definition
| infections diseases such as AIDs, hep c, other diseases, and increasing number of drug resistant strains |
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Term
| what are the major groups of microbes (3) |
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Definition
Prokaryotes- bacteria, archea
Eukaryotes- fungi, algea, protozoa, helminths
viruses- viruses and bacteriophages |
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Term
what structures are common to all bacterial cells:
(prokaryotes and eukaryotes) |
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Definition
flagellum, ribosomes, cell membrane
Eukaryote:+ nucleus and mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
develops as a coating to protect the cell
helps cell adhere to environment
includes slime layer and capsule
Functions: protects against PF, prevent phagocytosis |
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Term
| What are Kochs Postulates |
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Definition
PF must be present in all cases of disease
PF can be isolated from diseased and grown in pure culture
PF from pure culture must cause the disease when put into healthy animal
PF must be reisolated from new host and shown to be the same |
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Term
| Whats the difference in evolution of Prok/Eukry cells |
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Definition
| Prokaryotes came first and are smaller |
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Term
| a thin sheet of lipid and protein that surround the cytoplasm and control the flow of materials into and out of he cell |
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Definition
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Term
| specialized appendage attached to cell by a basal body that holds a long rotating filament. the mvmt pushes the cell forward and provide motility |
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Definition
Euk. Cells
storage sites for water good, enzymes and waste |
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Term
| protein trafficking center composed of a lipid bilayer |
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Definition
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| Mitochondria vs. Chloroplasts |
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Definition
both have a lipid bilayer and own genetic material, reproduce themselves
chlor: plants, algea, uses photosynthesis
Mito: site of respiration |
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| what euk. cell sturcture : phospholipid bilayer, lipid detox, detox reactions |
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Definition
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| what euk. cell structure: ribosomes attached, site of protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| how is cilia different from flagella |
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Definition
| shorter, more numerous, can function as feeding and filtering structure |
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Definition
food flavorings, decomposing organic matter for essential minerals for soil
increase ability of plant roots to absorb water and nutrients
production of: antibiotics, alcohol, organic acids, vitamins |
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Definition
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| Flatworms description and 2 types |
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Definition
Thin, often segmented
1-tapeworms
2- flukes |
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Term
| Describe the helminth lifecycle |
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Definition
person swallows egg
egg hatches in intestines and release larvae
male and females mate, females deposit eggs
eggs spread over original host to reinfect himself/herself |
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Term
| what is the basic viral structure |
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Definition
external coating: capsid or envelope
core: nucleic acid- either DNA or RNA
form a virion |
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Term
| how do viruses multiply (6) |
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Definition
Adsoption- specific attachment
Penetration- entry viral genome
Uncoating- release of viral genome
Synthesis- new viral product made
Assembly- new viruses made in cell
Release- often causes the host cell to lyse |
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Term
| how can viruses cause damage on a cell |
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Definition
| cytopathic effect-virus induced damage to cell alters it microscopic appearance |
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Term
| what are the 6 sources of essential nutrients |
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Definition
Carbon, nitrogen
oxygen, hydrogen
phosphorus, sulfur |
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Term
| A self-feeder uses carbon dioxide |
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Definition
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| uses organic carbon to survive |
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Definition
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| Describe nutrient transport |
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Definition
1- requires a carrier
2- requires energy |
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Term
| definition: the solute concentration of the external environment is lower that that of the internal environment |
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Definition
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| Definition: the environment has a higher solute concentration that cytoplasm |
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| list 3 skin diseases caused by microbes |
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Definition
| acne, warts, ringworm, smallpox, rubella |
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Term
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Definition
adaptive- immune response, response to a specific PF
acquired actively artificially |
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Definition
innate. does not distinguish between pathogens
present at birth |
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Term
| what are 3 functions of the lymph system |
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Definition
1-production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes
2-returns fluid to solutes from peripheral tissues to bloodstream
3-distributes hormones, nutrients and waste into circulation |
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Term
| what is the first line of cellular defense |
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Definition
Phagocytes
by removing cellular debris |
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Term
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Definition
common in SE United States
slow progression early stage rash, second stage neurological symptoms |
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Definition
occurs when organisms are actively multiplying in the blood
caused by bacteria and fungi
fever, altered mental state, chills, GI sympt. Low BP |
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Definition
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| how is river blindness caused |
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Definition
| transmitted by black fly which lays eggs and the worms damage retina and optic nerve |
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Term
Definition Symbiosis relationships
mutualism |
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Definition
| when organisms live in an obligatory but mutually beneficial relationship |
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Term
Definition Symbiosis relationships
commensalism |
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Definition
| the member called the commensal receives benefits, while its coinhibition is neither harmed or benefited |
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Term
Definition Symbiosis relationships
Satellitism |
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Definition
| when one member provides nutritional or protective factors needed by the other |
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Definition Symbiosis relationships
parasitism |
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Definition
| a relationship in which the host organism provides the parasitic microbe with nutrients and a habitat |
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Term
definitions nonsymbiotic relationships
Synergism |
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Definition
| interrelationship between two or more free living organisms that benefit them but is not necessary for their survival |
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Term
definitions nonsymbiotic relationships
antagonism |
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Definition
association between free-living species that arises when members of a community compete
*fighting for same resource like water |
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Term
| what are the stages of the population growth curve |
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Definition
lag-flat/adjustment period
exponential growth-maximum rate of cell division
stationary growth- stop or slowing of growth
death- cells begin to die at exponential rate |
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Term
Oxygen requirements:
facultative anaerobe |
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Definition
| an aerobe that does not require oxygen for its metabolism and is capable of growth in its absence |
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Term
Oxygen requirements:
Obligate anaerobe |
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Definition
(strict)
can not tolerate any free Oxygen in immediate environment |
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Term
Oxygen requirements:
Obligate aerobe |
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Definition
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