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Definition
| missing or defective genes in human cells can be replaced |
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Definition
| all living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting cells |
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Definition
| study of protozoa and parasitic worms |
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Definition
| mitochondria, cyanobacteria, chloroplasts, proteobacteria, gram-positive bacteria, thermotoga |
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| recombinant DNA technology |
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Definition
| new technique for biotechnology enables bacteria and fungi to produce a vareity of proteins, including vaccines and enyzmes |
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Definition
| methanogens, extreme halophiles, hyperthermophiles |
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Definition
decaying meat experiment
opponent of spontaneous generation |
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Definition
| Proved that bacterium caauses anthrax and provided the experimental steps (Koch's postulate) to prove that a specific microbe, causes a specific disease |
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Definition
| DNA made from two different sources |
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Definition
| study of how DNA directs protein synthesis |
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| the application of high heat for a short time |
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Definition
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Definition
| microbes normally present in and on human body |
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Definition
preformed surgery under antiseptic conditions proved microbes caused surgical wound infections
chemical disinfectant |
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Definition
| chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes |
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Definition
| fungi, animals, amobae, slime molds, climates, plants, green algae, dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglenozoa, and giradia. |
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Term
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Definition
| hyphothesis that all living organisms arise from non living matter, a vital force forms life |
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Term
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Definition
demonstrated microorganisms are present in the air
s-shaped flask
discovered relationship b/w microbes and disease, immunity, and antimicrobial drugs
fermentaion
demonstrated life did not arise spontaneously from non living matter
father of microbiology |
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Term
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Definition
speculated about a magic bullet that would destroy pathogen w/o harming the host
developed synthetic arsenic drug saluarsan to treat syphilis |
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Definition
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Definition
| conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine |
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Definition
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| emerging inpectios diseases |
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Definition
New diseases and diseases increasing in inicidence
AIDS
influenza A virus MRSA
West Nile Encephalitis
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
E. coli
Ebola hemorrahic fever
cryptoridiosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life |
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Definition
discovered first antibiotic
observed that penecillum fungus made antibiotic, penicillin, that killed s. aureus |
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Definition
| study of organisms; has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms |
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Definition
| the protection from a vaccination |
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Definition
| use of microbes to produce foods and chemicals is centuries old |
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Definition
| chemotherapeutic agents used to treat infectious diseases |
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Definition
| ability of body to ward off diseases |
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Definition
| study of how microbes inherit traits |
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Definition
light objects are visible against a dark background
light reflected off the specimen enters the objective lens |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of light bending ability of a medium |
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Term
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Definition
1 um=10-6 m=10-3 mm
1 nm=10-9 m=10-6 mm
1000 nm=1 um
0.001 um=1nm
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Term
| scanning tunneling microscope (STM) |
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Definition
| Uses metal probe to scan speciman |
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Definition
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Definition
| used to hold stain or coat the specimen to enlarge it |
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Definition
| tend to be killed by penicillin and deleogants |
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Term
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Definition
move resistant to antibiotics
have peptidoglycan and protein layer |
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Term
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Definition
stained waxy cell wall is not decolorized by acid-alcohol
mycobaterium
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Term
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Definition
| coloring the microbe with a dye that emphasizes certain structures |
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Term
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Definition
thin film of a solution of microbes on a slide
usually fixed to attach microbes to slide and to kill microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| the chromophone is a cation |
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Term
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Definition
| the chromophone is an anion |
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Term
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Definition
| staining background instead of cells |
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Definition
dark objects visible against a bright background
light reflected off the specimen does not enter the objective lens |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of lens to distinguish two points |
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Term
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Definition
uses electrons instead of light
the shorter wavelength of electron gives greater resolution |
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Term
| differential interference contrast microscopy |
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Definition
| accentuates diffraction of the light that presses through a specimen; uses two beams of light |
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Term
| atomic force mircroscopy (AFM) |
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Definition
uses a metal-and-diamond probe inserted into the specimen
produces three-dimensional images |
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Term
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Definition
| used to keep light from bending |
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Term
| compound light microscope |
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Definition
image from objective lens is magnified agin by the ocular lens
total magnification=objectivex ocular
shorter wavelengths of light provide greater resolutions |
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Term
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Definition
uses UV light
fluorescent substance absorb UV light and emit visible light
cells may be stained with fluorescent dyes (fluorochromes) |
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Term
| Phase-contrast microscopy |
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Definition
| accentuates diffraction of the light that passes through a specimen |
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Term
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Definition
cells are stained with fluorochrome dyes
short wavelength (blue) light is used to excite the dyes
the light illuminates each plane in a speciment to produce a three-dimensional image
up to 100 um deep |
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Term
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Definition
cells are stained with fluorochrome dyes
two photons of long wavelength (red) lgith are used to excite the dyes
used to study cells attached to a surface
up to 1mm deep |
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Term
| Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) |
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Definition
measures sound waves are reflected back from an object
used to study cells attached to a surface
resolution 1um |
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Term
| Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) |
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Definition
ultrathin sections of specimens
light passes through specimen, then an electromagnetic lens, to a screen or film
speciments may be stained with heavy metal salts
10,000-100,000x resolution 2.5 nm |
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Term
| Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) |
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Definition
an electron gun produces a beam of electrons that scans surface of a whole specimen
secondary electrons emmited from the specimen produce the image |
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