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Microbiology
Tuberculosis
11
Anthropology
Graduate
05/12/2012

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Mycobacteria types
Definition
M. tuberculosis - often resistant to multiple drugs

M. Kansasii - pulmonary TB-like symptoms

M. avium-intracellulare - causes disseminating disease in AIDS patients

Mycobacterium leprae - invades superficial skin and myelinated nerves to cause skin eruptions in immunocompromised patients. Common in Africa, US resevoir is the armadillo.
Term
Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis
Definition
Primary tuberculosis:
ghon complex - hilar nodes and ghon focus
Can cause healing by fibrosis, progressive lung disease, miliary tuberculosis, or dormant tubercule

Secondary tuberculosis:
forms fibrocaseous cavitary lesion
Spreads to vertebral bodies (pott's), CNS meningitis, GI, renal)

Presents with fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis
Term
Microbacterium on staining, and agar
Definition
Acid fast staining on sputum, slow growing (2-4 weeks) organisms

Grows in Lowenstein Jensen medium
Term
Treatment for Mycobacterium leprae
Definition
Dapsone

Mycobacterium leprae, acid fast bacillus

Armadillos are resevoir

Tuberculoid and lepromatous (communicable type)

Causes skin and superficial nerve infection.
Term
Agent used when (+)PPD and negative Chest Xray (solo prophylaxis of TB)
Definition
Isoniazid (INH)

Only when theres no clinical manifestations of any disease going on
Term
Drug cocktail for TB
Definition
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

RIPE
Term
MOA of Isoniazid (INH)
Definition
Decreases synthesis of mycolic acid

Toxicity:
NEUROTOXIC/peripheral neuropathy due to isoniazid and Vitamin B6 competing (due to similar structure).
Hepatotoxicity
--Prevent with pyridoxime (vit B6)

Drug induced lupus (anti-histone antibodies)
Term
MOA of Rifampin
Definition
Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase

RNA pol inhibit
Revs up microsomal P450
Red/orange body fluids
Rapid resistance if used alone.
Term
MOA of Pyrazinamide
Definition
Inhibits mycobacterial fatty acid synthase 1

Toxicity:
hyperuricemia
heptotoxicity
Term
MOA of ethambutol
Definition
Decreases carbohydrate polymerazation of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyl-transferase

Toxicity:
OPTIC NEUROPATHY (red-green color blindness)
Term
Main virulence factor(s) of M.TB
Definition
Cord factor - inactivates Macrophages, damages neutrophils and induces TNF. Gives it its serpentine structure

Sulfatide - allows intranuclear proliferation
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