Term
| What is an infection of the meninges called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an infection of the brain called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the blood-brain barrier? What is it's purpose? |
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Definition
| specialized capillaries and vesicles (less permeable); prevents passage of molecules into the meninges or brain |
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Term
| What kind of immune response does the CNS have? |
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Definition
| reduced because it cant inflame becaue inflammation causes tissue damage (this also hapens inthe uterus) |
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Term
| What type of gram stain is Nersseria Meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does neisseria meningitis have a capsule? |
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Definition
| yes - serological groups A,B,C< and others |
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Term
| What diseases can Nersseria Meningitis cause? |
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Definition
| meningitis and meningococcemia |
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Term
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Definition
| septicepia with neisseria meningitis (septocemia, rash, rapidly fast) |
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Term
| Where does Nersseria Meningitis colonize? |
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Definition
| throat and nasopharynx (then can go into blood) |
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Term
| How do you diagnose Nersseria Meningitis? |
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Definition
| spinal tap to get CSF then 1. gram stain, 2. latex agglutination, 3. culture and type |
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Term
| How do you treat bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
| antibiotics (also for family) |
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Term
| How do you prevent bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
| vaccines for A and C, but type B is too close to a human antigen |
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Term
| What is the gram stain of streptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
| gram positive cocci in pairs (diplococci) - THIS IS DIAGNOSTIC because there are no other gram + diplococci that cause meningitis |
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Term
| What diseases does streptococcus pneumoniae cause? |
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Definition
| pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis |
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Term
| Where does streptococcus pneumoniae colonize? what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the virulence factor for streptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you diagnose streptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
| gram stain of CSF, latex aggluniation, culture and susceptibility |
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Term
| how do you treat streptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you prevent streptWhaococcus pneumoniae from infecting? |
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Definition
| vaccine (polysaccahride or conjusgate for young) |
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Term
| What type of gram stain is haemophilus influenzae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is fastidious? which bacteria exemplifies this? |
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Definition
| very particular as to where it will grow; haemophilus influenzae |
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Term
| What diseases does haemophilus influenzae cause? |
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Definition
| meningitis, sinusitis, otitis media, epiglottitis, pneumonia |
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Term
| What type of haemophilus influenzae can be vaccinated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reservoir of haemophilus influenzae> |
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Definition
| healthy adult carriers (normal respiratory flora) |
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Term
| How do you treat haemophilus influenzae? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you prevent haemophilus influenzae from infecting? |
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Definition
| conjugate capsule vaccine (Hib) |
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Term
| What is the path that infections that cause meningitis take? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the gram stain of Listeria monocytogenes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a facultative intracellular parasite? what bacteria exemplifies this? |
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Definition
| survives and replicates outside of cells, but evades immune system by hiding in cells; Listeria monocytogenes |
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Term
| How does Listeria monocytogenes move? |
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Definition
| rocketing movement through host cells |
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Term
| How does Listeria monocytogenes cause infection? |
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Definition
| crossing of placenta during pregnancy to infect fetus, immunocompromised |
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|
Term
| How is Listeria monocytogenes spread? |
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Definition
| intestinal carriage, food-borne transmission (dairy products, grows in cold) |
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Term
| What are the virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes? |
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Definition
| ability to replicate inside host cells, rocketing |
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Term
| How do you treat Listeria monocytogenes? |
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Definition
| prevention (public health surveillance) |
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Term
| What is the number one cause of neonatal meningitis? what are the other causes? |
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Definition
| streptococcus agalactiae; e. colo (k1 strain) and other enterics |
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Term
| What is needed to identify infection of neonatal meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of infection in clostridium tetani? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of spore stain is clostridium tetani? |
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Definition
| gram positive rod, spore former |
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Term
| Does clostridium tetani like oxygen? |
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Definition
| no it is an obligate anaerobe (oxygen kills it) |
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|
Term
| Where does clostridium tetani come from? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does clostridium tetani cause? how? |
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Definition
| neonatal tetanus; through umbilical stump infection in fetus or dirty tools |
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|
Term
| What is required for clostridium tetani to infect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the path of the toxin during clostridium tetani infection? |
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Definition
| eneters the bloodstream, then binds to peripheral nerve cells ( |
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Term
| what is so dangerous about an infection of clostridium tetani? |
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Definition
| spastic contractions of muscles lead to respiratory failure |
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Term
| What is the virulence factor for clostridium tetani? |
|
Definition
| tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) |
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Term
| How does tetanospasmin iinhibit muscle relaxation? |
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Definition
| binds to placed where inhibitory transmitters should be released so the release of them is bloacked |
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Term
| How do you diagnose clostridium tetani? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you treat clostridium tetani? |
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Definition
| debridement, tetanus immune globulin antitoxin, vaccine |
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|
Term
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Definition
| vaccine to prevent tetanus against the toxin (not clostridium tetani) |
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Term
| What are the main characteristics of clostridium botulinum? |
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Definition
| gram positive spore former, obligate anaerobe |
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Term
| What does clostridium botulinum cause? |
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Definition
| botulism (flaccid paralysis/limpness) in babies or adults |
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Term
| How does clostridium botulinum affect infants? |
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Definition
| intestinal colonization (because their intestinal flora isnt built up yet) associated with honey |
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Term
| How does clostridium botulinum affect adults? |
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Definition
| food poisening or wound (toxin enters blood, binds to nerve signals in PNS) |
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|
Term
| What can home canned or raw vegetables lead to? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the virulence factor for botulism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the gram stain of mycobacterium leprae? |
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Definition
| it wont gram stain because they have waxy lislipids that repel stain, so if you acid fast stain it you see it ROD shaped |
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|
Term
| What does mycobacterium leprae infect? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What kind of parasite is mycobacterium leprae? |
|
Definition
| facultative intracellular |
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|
Term
| What diseases does mycobacterium leprae cause? |
|
Definition
| leprosy (lepromatous and tuberculoid) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| leprosy characterized by discolored patches of skin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| leprosy that cuts off vasculature and interferes ith fluid flow |
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|
Term
| How is mycobacterium leprae spread? |
|
Definition
| prolonged contact with infected person |
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|
Term
| How do you diagnose mycobacterium leprae? |
|
Definition
| cannot culture - skin test (lepromin) |
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|
Term
| How do you treat mycobacterium leprae? |
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Definition
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