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| Extreme thermophiles, most live in hot springs associated w/ volcanic activity |
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| Shrinkage of cell's cytoplasm |
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| Tolerate/ require high concentrations of salt |
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| Able to grow in salt concentrations up to 2% |
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| bacteria that use gaseous nitrogen directly from the atmosphere |
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| Organisms that require oxygen to live |
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| Aerobic bacteria that can continue to grow without oxygen |
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| Can't use oxygen for energy |
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| Normal molecular oxygen boosted to higher energy state & is extremely reactive |
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| Superoxide radicals (or superoxide anions) |
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Definition
| Formed during respiration as a final electron acceptor |
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Definition
| Enzyme produced by organisms attempting to grow in atmospheric oxygen |
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Definition
| Peroxide produced when superoxide radical converts into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide |
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| Occurs when peroxide is added to a colony of bacteria (oxygen bubbles released) |
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Definition
| Differs from catalase in that its reaction does not produce oxygen |
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| Intermediate form of oxygen & probably the most reactive |
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| Cannot use oxygen for growth, but tolerates it fairly well |
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| Essential organic compunds that an organism is unable to synthesize |
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| Nutrient material prepared for growth of microorganisms in a lab |
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| Microbes introduced to culture medium to initiate growth |
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| Microbes that grow & multiply in or on a culture medium |
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| Contains no living microorganisms |
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| Complex polysaccharide derived from a marine alga |
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| One whose exact chemical composition is known |
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| Made up of nutrients including extracts from yeasts, meat,or plants or digests of proteins from these & other sources |
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| Complex medium in liquid form |
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Definition
| contain ingrediants that chemically combine with dissolved oxygen & deplete oxygen in the culture medium |
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| Microbes that grow better @ high CO2 concentrations |
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Definition
| Encourage growth of desired microbes |
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Definition
| Make it easier to distinguish colonies of desired organism from other colonies growing on the same plate |
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| Usually a liquid & it provides nutrients & environmental conditions that favor growth of particular microbe, but not others |
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| Arises from single spore or cell & form clumps or chains |
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| Loop dipped in culture & streaked in pattern over surface of nutrient meduim |
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| Microbes placed in suspending liquid & quick frozen at -50 to -90 degrees C |
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| Freeze-drying, quickly frozen & water removed |
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Definition
| Increase in numbers, not size |
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Definition
| Grows a bud, enlarges to nearly size of parent cell, then separates |
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| Time required for cell to divide & population to double |
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| Shows growth of cells over time |
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| (aka exponential growth phase) Most active period |
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| (aka log decline phase) # of deaths exceed # of new cells formed |
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| Method of measuring bacterial populations |
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| What plate counts are reported as |
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Definition
| Original inoculum is diluted several times |
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Definition
| 0.1ml inoculum added to surgace of prepared algar, inoculum is spread with a sterilized rod |
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| Technique to count bacteria |
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| Most Probable Number Method |
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Definition
| Statistical estimating technique based on the fact that the greater the # of bacterial in a sample, the more dilution is needed to produce density to point @ which no bacteria are left to grow in tubes in a dilution series |
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| measures bacterial suspension in defined area |
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| Monitoring growth, bacteria multiply in liquid and make it cloudy (or "turbid") |
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