Term
| A substance produced by a microbe that inhibits another microbe |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha intereron is used to treat |
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Definition
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Term
| Ampicillin is what spectrum |
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Definition
| extended against many gram negatives |
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Term
| Ampicillin is what spectrum |
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Definition
| extended against many gram negatives |
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Term
| Bacitracin is used for what type of application |
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Definition
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Term
| Classes of B-lactam antibiotics include |
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Definition
| penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams |
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Term
| Echinocandins is used commonly to treat |
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Definition
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Term
| First generation cephalosporins are what spectrum |
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Definition
| narrow spectrum against gram + |
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Term
| First generation cephalosporins are what spectrum |
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Definition
| narrow spectrum against gram + |
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Term
| Fourth generation cephalosporins are what spectrum |
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Definition
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Term
| Fourth generation cephalosporins are what spectrum |
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Definition
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Term
| Fussion inhibitors work by |
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Definition
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Term
| How do Streptogramins work |
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Definition
| bind 50S subunit inhibiting the growth of polypeptide chain |
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Term
| How do aminoglycosides work |
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Definition
| by inhibiton of protein synthesis through changing shape of 30S subunit causing mRNA to be misread |
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Term
| How do antifungal drugs work? |
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Definition
| inhibition of cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| How do antimycobacterial work? |
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Definition
| inhibit cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| How do antisece agents work |
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Definition
| as a complementary DNA that binds the pathogens virulace genes |
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Term
| How do cephalosporins work |
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Definition
| inhibit cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| How do cephalosporins work |
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Definition
| inhibit cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| How do competitive inhibitors work |
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Definition
| by inhibting the production of essential enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| bind the 50 s subunit irreversibly blocking translation |
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Term
| How do oxazolidinoes work |
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Definition
| bind 50s subunit which prevents fromation of 70s ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibotrs of cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibotrs of cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibotrs of cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| How do polypetide antibiotics work |
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Definition
| inhibotors of cell wall cynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| as complemnetary RNA that bind MRNA to inhibit translation |
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Term
| How do vancomycin specifically work to to inhibit cell wall synthesis |
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Definition
| it binds to D-alanines preventing peptidoglycan cross bridges |
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Term
| How does cloramphenicol work |
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Definition
| it inhibts protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosome, and inhibits peptide bond formation |
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Term
| How does ethambutol inhibit cell wall synthesis |
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Definition
| inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid into the cell wall |
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Term
| How does isoniazid inhibit cell wall synthesis? |
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Definition
| inhibits mycolic acid synthesis |
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Term
| How does polymyxin B work? |
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Definition
| injurs the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| they inhibit nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does sulfonamides work? |
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Definition
| through competivive inhibition of folic acid |
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Term
| How does tetracyclines work |
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Definition
| bind 30 s subunit preventing tRNA attachment |
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Term
| How does the antifungal drug flucytosine work |
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Definition
| by inhibting synthesis of Rna via a cytosine analog |
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Term
| How does the antifungal drug giseofulvin work |
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Definition
| by inhibtion of mitotic microtubules |
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Term
| Howard Flrey and Ernst were the first to |
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Definition
| perform clinical trials of penicillin |
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Term
| Idinavir used to treat HIV is an an example of what type of antiviral drug |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prevent spread of viruses to new cells |
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Term
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Definition
| minimal bactericidal concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| minimal inhibitory concentration |
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Term
| Macrolides are what spectrum |
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Definition
| narrow affective against gram positives |
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Term
| Oxacillin is what spectrum |
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Definition
| Narrow affective against gram + |
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Term
| Oxacillin is what spectrum |
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Definition
| Narrow affective against gram + |
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Term
|
Definition
| sulfa drugs (sulfonamides |
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Term
| Penicillin G is considered what spectrum? |
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Definition
| Narrow affective against gram + |
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Term
| Penicillin G is considered what spectrum? |
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Definition
| Narrow affective against gram + |
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Term
| Penicillin G is considered what spectrum? |
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Definition
| Narrow affective against gram + |
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Term
| Penicillin V is affective against what type of bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Penicillin V is affective against what type of bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Penicillin V is affective against what type of bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Polypetide antibiotics are considered the last line of defense against restiant strains of what bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| Quinolones are comonly used to treat |
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Definition
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Term
| Resistance genes are passed via |
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Definition
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Term
| Rifampin is comonly used to treat |
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Definition
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Term
| Second generation cephalosporons are what spectrum |
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Definition
| extended include gram negative |
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Term
| Second generation cephalosporons are what spectrum |
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Definition
| extended include gram negative |
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Term
| Streptogramins are used comminly for organisms that are resistant to |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a combination of 2 peptides that work together to inhibt translation |
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Term
| The 2 semisynthetic penicillins Foster mentioned |
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Definition
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Term
| The 2 semisynthetic penicillins Foster mentioned |
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Definition
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Term
| The use of drugs to treat a disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Third generation cephalosporins are what spectrum |
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Definition
| narrow affective against gram - including pseudomonads |
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Term
| Third generation cephalosporins are what spectrum |
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Definition
| narrow affective against gram - including pseudomonads |
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Term
| What 2 main factors lead to antibiotic resistance |
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Definition
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Term
| What antibiotic is considred the last line of defense against multidrug resistant gram - bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What antibiotic is not considered a magic bullet because it penetrates mamalian cells to some extent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 types of future chemotherapeutic agents |
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Definition
| antimicrobial peptides, antisense agents,SiRNA |
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Term
| What are 4 examples of aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| streptomycin, neomycin, gentamycin, Amikacin |
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Term
| What are allyamines used for |
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Definition
| azole resistant fungal infections |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of antimycobacterial antibiotics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 antibiotics/classes used as inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis? |
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Definition
| rifamamycin, quinolones and fluorquinolones |
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Term
| What are the 4 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance |
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Definition
| enzymatic drug destruction, penetration prevention, alteration of target site, rapid ejection |
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Term
| What are the 4 ways antiviral drugs work |
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Definition
| potease inhibitor, intetrase inhibitor, attachment inhibitor, uncoating inhibitor |
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Term
| What are the 5 classes of antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis? |
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Definition
| natural penicillins, synthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, polypetides, antimycobacterials |
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Term
| What are the 5 classes of antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis? |
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Definition
| natural penicillins, synthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, polypetides, antimycobacterials |
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Term
| What are the 6 types/classes of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis |
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Definition
| choramphenicol, aminoglycosides, tetraclines, macrolides sstreptogramins, oxazolidinones |
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Term
| What are the negative effects of using aminoglycosides |
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Definition
| They can effect hearing, damage kidneys |
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Term
| What are the two polypetide antibiotics foster wants us to know |
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Definition
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Term
| What chemotherapy test can determine if an antibiotic is bacteriocidal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs make up the antifungals |
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Definition
| Echinocandins, flucytocine, pentamidine, polyens, azoles. Allylamine, griseofulvin, tolnaftate |
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Term
| What is Rifampin especially known for |
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Definition
| ability to penetrate tissue, spinal fluid |
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Term
| What is griseofulvin used for |
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Definition
| the superfical dermatophyte funal infection |
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Term
| What is polyxin B primarily used for |
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Definition
| topical application, combined with bacitracin, and neomycin |
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Term
| What is the difference between Pen. G and V? |
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Definition
| Penicillin G requires injection |
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Term
| What is the difference between Pen. G and V? |
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Definition
| Penicillin G requires injection |
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Term
| What is the difference between Pen. G and V? |
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Definition
| Penicillin G requires injection |
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Term
| What is the difference between oxacillin and ampicillin other than spectrum |
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Definition
| Oxacillin is resistant to penicillinase |
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Term
| What is the difference between oxacillin and ampicillin other than spectrum |
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Definition
| Oxacillin is resistant to penicillinase |
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Term
| What is the effect of penicillinase on penicllins |
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Definition
| it converts penicillin to penicilloic acid |
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Term
| What is the spectrum of Bacitracin |
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Definition
| gram positives especailly staph. And strep. |
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Term
| What is the spectrum of oxazolidinones? |
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Definition
| narrow useful primarily against gram postive penicillin resistant bacteria |
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Term
| What is the spectrum of polymyxin B? |
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Definition
| narrow effective against gram - |
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Term
| What is the spectrum of rifampin |
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Definition
| narrow affective against mycobacteria |
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|
Term
| What is the spectrum of streptogramins |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the structural analog of PABA |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the structural analog of dihydrofoic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs when the effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect alone |
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Definition
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Term
| What spectrum are antimycobacterials? |
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Definition
| narrow affective only against mycobacterials |
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Term
| What spectrum are sulfa drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What spectrum in aminoglycosides |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What spectrum is chlamphenicol |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What spectrum is tetracycline? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What sulfa drugs are used syntergistically? |
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Definition
| sulfamethoxazole and treimethroprim |
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Term
| What type of drug is acylovir? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of drug is enfuviritide |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of oxazolidinone what developed as an antiMRSA drug? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibiotic was considered one of the first synthetic antibiotics? |
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Definition
| sulfa drugs (sulfonamides |
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|
Term
| Which protein synthesis inhibitor is completely synthetic? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are quinolones not always effective |
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Definition
| resitance to them can develp rapidly even during treatment |
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|
Term
| Zanamivir is an example of what type of anitviral? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| amantadine is example of what type of anitviral |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| reports prepared by hospitals to record the susceptibility of organisms encountered clinically |
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|
Term
| how do echinocandins inhibit cell wall synthesis |
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Definition
| by inhibitining synthesis of b-glucan (ergosterols) resulting in an incomplete cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| as a structrual analong of deoxyguanosine |
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Term
| what drug promotes interferon production |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the antifungal drug tolnaftlate used to treat |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| who discovered penicillin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| zanimivir is used to treat |
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Definition
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