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| Beneficial to bacteria and us. Opportunistic: use you as food supply |
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| Applications of Microbiology |
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Food Production: cheese, yogurt
Bioremediation: degrade environmental waste
Synthesize products faster than machines: antibiotics
Genetic Engineering |
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| Human Insulin is made by.. |
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| How many species of bacteria in and on human body? |
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| Bacteria outnumber cells in the body by |
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| Microbiology born as a science in... |
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| Dutch drapery merchant, ground lenses, first glimpse of microbial world, called organisms "animicules" |
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| equal credit with van Leeuwenhook for initiating science of microbiology |
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| Spontaneous Generation states... |
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| Organisms can arise from non-living matter |
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| Scientists against spontaneous generation |
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| Italian biologist and physician. Worms found on rotting meat came from eggs of flies not s. generation by covering jars with gauze |
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| biological preparation that improves immunity to a certain disease |
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| discovered vaccination using cowpox to give immunity for smallpox |
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"Father of modern microbiology" demonstrated air is filled with microorganisms by filtering air in cotton plug
*Innoculated Infusions |
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| Pasteur's experiment with swan neck flasks showing that infusions are sterile if left open unless bacteria in neck come in contact with solution |
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| uses high temps below boiling reducing the number of microorganisms but not sterilizing |
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| assistant of pasteur developed early vaccines, first bacterial vaccine, smallpox virus vaccine |
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| physicist, proved presence of endospores (some infusions sterile after boiling 5 minutes while others aren't after 5 hours) |
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| German physician, developed science of medical microbiology, pure culture techniques, initial rules for cause and consequence of disease |
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| dormant tough non-reproductive structure produced by bacteria to ensure bacterial survival during periods of environmental stress |
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| ..... are typically loaded with endospores |
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1.) organism must be isolated from diseased organism in all cases
2.) organism must be obtained in pure culture
3.) must be re-isolated from the model organism |
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1854-1914
great interest in the field, most disease causing bacteria were discovered, work on viruses began |
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| Emerging diseases increasing occurence b/c... |
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| changing lifestyles, genetic changes in organisms, increase in travel, unvaccinated individuals |
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| Legionarre's, Lyme, West Nile, SARS |
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| Microorganisms model of study b/c... |
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| same metabolism as high forms of life, genetic properties mimic other organisms, macromolecules same as other life forms |
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