Term
| Describe Active Natural Immunization |
|
Definition
| exposure to a subclinical infection |
|
|
Term
| Describe Active artificial immunization |
|
Definition
-Attenuated organisms
-killed organisms
-sub cellular fragments
-toxins
-others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mimics another molecule and creates a loss of tolerance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T cells are eliminated as they go through the thymus and B cells are deleted in bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| Define peripheral tolerance |
|
Definition
| T cells and B cells lack ability to respond bc of absence of signals to activate them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an immune response, responding to something inappropriate to respond to. |
|
|
Term
| List steps of group "A" strep M type (GAS) |
|
Definition
-Antimicrobial therapy to eliminate potential of rheumatic fever
-make Ab againist M protein
-Ab binding sites recognizes epitope on M protein which is defined by both the linear sequence(primary) and 2ndary seq (alpha helix) |
|
|
Term
| Human myosin has similar structure to the M protein molecule, resulting in capacity of the Abs ... |
|
Definition
| against the M protein to bind to human myosin |
|
|
Term
| The Ab raised against the M protein is _____ _______ and mimics another molecule ________ ________ |
|
Definition
| cross reactive, human myosin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Egypt sniffing small pox powder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| China sniffing small pox powder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intro of variolation in England |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Turks Intro of variolation (scraping of skin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does small pox enter the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the 1st vaccine used and discontinued? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe how memory B cells and T cells provide immunity |
|
Definition
-They circulate through body monitoring for antigens
-they activate immune response immediately
-Produce Abs quickly
-Prevent disease from occurring by killed Ag |
|
|
Term
| Describe Live attenuated vaccines (living) |
|
Definition
-Made from virus or bacteria
-Must replicate to work but at a slower rate
-Replication mimics natural infection which stimulates an immune response |
|
|
Term
| Describe Inactivated vaccines (fractionated)H1N1 |
|
Definition
-Made from virus or bacteria
-Have various fractions: subvirons, subunits, polysaccharides, toxoids, recombiant Ags
-Do NOT replicate because they are dead
-Ag load stimulates immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cloning Ag for vaccine production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Take a toxin and chemically alter it to elicit an immune response without activity |
|
|
Term
| With vaccines, molecular mimicry ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Polysaccharide VAccines (5) |
|
Definition
-Stimulate T cell independent immunity (Not Needed)
-Stimulate B cells w/o T cells
-Immunity is short lived
-No booster effect
-Not consistently immunogenic in children < 2 y/o |
|
|
Term
| Describe Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (5) |
|
Definition
-Stimulate T cell (dependent) NEED them
-T cells involved
-Produce immunological memory
-Results in booster effect upon subsequent exposure
-Increased immunogenicity in children < 2 y/o |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Herpes zoster
-Live attenuated influenza
-MMR
-Oral typhoid capsules
-Rotavirus
-VAricella
-Yellow fever |
|
|
Term
| List Inactivated vaccines |
|
Definition
-Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis
-Haemophilus influenza type b
-Hep A
-HEp B
-HPV
-IPV Inactivated poliovirus
-Meningococcal
-Pneumococcal
-Rabies
-Trivalent inactivated influenza
-Typhoid Vi injection |
|
|
Term
| People with immunodeficiencies have an _________ chance of developing cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that mutate and bc of their alteration they keep our immune system in constant surveillance to recognize and kill them |
|
|
Term
| Define reduced immunogenecity |
|
Definition
There is something altered on the cancer that has minimized the ability to be immunogenic.
-down regulation of cell surface proteins |
|
|
Term
| If someone had A.I. disease how would getting a transplant relate to a diabetic patient? What about a patient with lupus? |
|
Definition
Diabetes-most transplants work
Lupus- wouldn't exclude someone from getting a transplant |
|
|
Term
| What are some reasons why there is a lack of response from a vaccine? |
|
Definition
-genetic profile
-requirement of Ag presenting cells
-activation of different T cells (CD8 or CD 4)
-ability to take Ag processed and for it to be recognized in its native form by Ab
-No MHC recognition
-Nutritional status
-Down regulation of immune system -
Genetic Mutations |
|
|
