Term
Non enveloped
Primary cause of fatal diarrhea in children in winter months. Causes villous destruction with atrophy to decrease absorption of Na and H20 |
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Definition
Rotavirus
Outbreaks occur in winter months |
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Term
| Effects the grey matter of the anterior horn. Can cause paralysis. |
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Definition
Poliovirus, a type of enterovirus from
Picornavirus family |
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Term
Killed virus for polio
Live virus for polio |
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Definition
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Term
| Aseptic meningitis in the summer months |
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Definition
Picornavirus:
Echovirus
PCR the RNA in the CSF to identify
No management needs to take place. |
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Term
| Viruses and bacteria that causes meningioencephalitis |
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Definition
Hand foot and mouth disease
coxackie virus
Meningococcus
Syphillis |
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Term
Cause of the common cold.
About 100 different immunotypes |
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Definition
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Term
| Major cause of viral gastro-enteritis. Causes vomiting and diarrhea, major outbreaks occur rapidly |
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Definition
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Term
Causes yellow fever (because of jaundice). Transmitted by iibes mosquitos in subsaharan africa and south america
High fever, hemorrhagic disease and jaundice. Hematemasis causing ground coffee vomit/black vomit |
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Definition
Flavivirus:
Yellow fever virus caused by arboviruses (spread by arthropods)
Vaccine preventable disease. |
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Term
Mosquito viral born
Rising prevalence due to overcrowding
Break bone fever (from severe muskuloskeletal pain)
and retroorbital headache |
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Definition
Arbovirus:
Dengue fever
Complications:
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Turniquit test - BP cuff inflated between systolic and diastolic. Increased petechiae indicates excess capillary fragility |
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Term
Birds are amplifying host. Mosquitos are the bridging factor to transmit virus from bird to humans.
Acute flulike illness. But in about 1 in 150 patients you see severe neurologic symptoms (encephalitis, flaccid paralysis) |
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Definition
Flavivirus:
West nile virus
Dx:
IgM against west nile virus in CSF |
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Term
Fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, arthralgia
Causes PDA and pulmonic stenosis when aquired in utero |
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Definition
Togavirus:
Rubella (german measels)
One of the TORCH infections |
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Term
| RNA retrovirus that use reverse transcriptase |
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Definition
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Term
| Two most common causes of common cold |
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Definition
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Term
Enveloped, single stranded RNA.
Contains hemaglutinin (attachment) and Neuraminadase (promotes viral progeny virion release) |
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Definition
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Term
Propensity to rapid genetic change
Patients often become superinfected with a bacterial infection which kills them. |
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Definition
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Term
Pandemics result from genetic shifts (complete reassortment from different viruses
Seasonal epidemics result from genetic drift (human immune system better to deal with) |
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Definition
Paramyxovirus:
Influenza
Vaccines:
Injectable (killed)
Intranasal (live attenuated) |
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Term
Avian influenza (bird flu).
Transmitted from bird to human. Great fears of mutation that would allow human to human spread
Severe flu like symptoms. |
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Definition
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Term
Swine flu
Sx: typical flu and GI symptoms |
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Definition
H1N1
Tx: oseltamivir
zanamivir |
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Term
Causes croup - inflammation of pharynx, larynx and
Causes respiratory ditresss and asthma.
Steeple sign seen. |
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Definition
Parainfluenza
Tx: cool air mist humidifier |
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Term
| Enveloped virus that causes bronchiolitis, pneumonia, asthma sounding infection. Primary cause of pneumonia outbreaks in hospitalized children |
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Definition
Respiratory syncitial virus (RSV)
Has Fusion protein (F protein) that allows it to spread to nearby
Tx: Do not use bronchodilators
Palivizumab (monoclonal Ig against F protein) |
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Term
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Definition
Echovirus
Coxackie virus
Enterovirus |
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Term
Coryza (runny nose), cough, conjunctivitis
Koplik spots (blue grey specks on buccal mucosa)
Widespread maculopapular rash starting from head, progresses downward |
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Definition
Paramyxovirus:
Rubeola (measels) |
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Term
Enveloped SS RNA
Parotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
Occurs after exposure to infected animal (dog, skunk, raccoon)
Negri bodies - bullet shaped capsid
Fever, malaise, NV, agitated with hallucination and ultimately hydrophobia (fear of water), coma and death |
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Definition
Rhabdovirus:
Rabies
Virus gets into peripheral nerve, travels retrograde
Tx:Immunoglobulin to rabies |
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Term
Drug used to treat influenza A.
Blocks fusion of virus with host cell membrane/uncoating with the M2 protein |
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Definition
Amantadine
Resistance is widespread since its an older drug. Used more for
Crosses the BBB: Releases dopamine in brain, used for parkinsons disease. Causes some CNS side effects as a result |
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Term
| Drugs that blocks Neuraminidase (blocks release of virions from host cell) |
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Definition
Oseltamivir, anamivir
Must be administered in first 48 hours of symptoms for best effect.
Good for influenza A and influenza B |
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Term
| Guanosine analog that blocks synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase |
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Definition
Ribavirin
Used for Chronic hepatitis C
Side effects: teratogen, can cause for hemolytic anemia |
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Term
| Derivative of amantadine with fewer CNS side effects. |
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Definition
Rimantidine
Does not cross the BBB |
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