Term
|
Definition
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
1. Block transpeptidase cross linking of
2. Cell wall
3. Activates autolytic enzymes
Covers gram positive cocci, gram positive rods, gram negative cocci and SPIROCHETES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Same as penicillin with UTI's neonatal bacteria coverage:
H. Influenzae
E. Coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus
Salmonella
enterococcus
Aminopenicillins "HELPS" kill enterococcus |
|
|
Term
| Used for Staph aureus that is MSSA and not MRSA |
|
Definition
Penicillinase resistant penicillins:
Methcillin
Nafcillin
Dicloxacillin
PENICILLINASE RESISTANT
"use naf for staph" |
|
|
Term
| Extended spectrium penicillins aka antipseudomonal |
|
Definition
Ticarcillin
carbenicillin
piperacillin
Still susceptible to penicillinase. Use with cluvalanic acid |
|
|
Term
| Beta-lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinase |
|
Definition
Cephalosporins
Increasing generations increases gram negative coverage. However you will start to lose some gram positive coverage as you go up (except 4th gen) |
|
|
Term
| 1st Generation Cephalosporins |
|
Definition
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
PEcK
UTI's, URI's and viridans endocarditis
Covers:
Gram positive cocci
Proteus mirabilis
E. Coli
Klebsiella
"1st gen PEcK" |
|
|
Term
| 2nd generation cephalosporin |
|
Definition
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria spp
Proteus
E. Coli
Klebsiella
Serratia
"HEN PEcKs" |
|
|
Term
| 3rd generation cephalosporins |
|
Definition
Ceftriaxone
Cefotoxime
Ceftazidime
Strep Pneumo, and serious gram negative infections or bacteria with Beta-lactimases
Use for:
Meningitis
Community acquired pneumonia
Gonorrhea
Ceftazidime covers pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
| 4th Generation Cephalosporins |
|
Definition
Cefepime
Full spectrum
Increased activity against Pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
| Inhibits cell wall synthesis (binds to PBP3). Synergistic to aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
Aztreonam
For patients terribly allergic to penicillin and who cannot handle aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram negative rods ONLY
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
Serratia
No activity against gram positives or anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| Binds to the D-ala D-ala portion of the cell wall precursors |
|
Definition
Vancomycin
Covers Staph aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile |
|
|
Term
| Side effects of Vancomycin |
|
Definition
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Thrombophebitis
and "red man syndrome". Pre-treat with anti-histamine and use slow infusion |
|
|
Term
| How does resistance to vancomycin happen |
|
Definition
| Amino acid change from terminal D-ala to D-lac |
|
|
Term
| Broad spectrum. Use covers nearly gram negative, gram positive, anaerobes. However does not cover MRSA |
|
Definition
Imipenem-Cilastatin
Cilastatin always co-administered because it inhibits renal dihydropeptidase I. Will prevent inactivation in renal tubules
"with imipenem, the killin is LASTIN' with ciLASTATIN" |
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