Term
| Mention a worm species for which ab ano ad os auto-reinfection is characteristic in childhood! |
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Definition
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Term
| Mention 2 worm species that migrate through the human lungs in the larval stage! |
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Definition
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator Americanus
Strongyloides stercoralis |
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Term
| Which 2 protozoa may infect the human foetus transplacentally? |
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Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Plasmodium species |
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Term
| What is the laboratory diagnosis of malaria? |
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Definition
Giemsa stained blood smear
Thick smear to screen for the agent
Thin smear to identify the species |
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Term
| How long is the erytrocytic cycle of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the erytrocytic cycle of Plasmodium malariae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the causative agent of malignant malaria? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mention an antimalarial drug active against hypnozoites! |
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Definition
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Term
| How can one diagnose the African sleeping sickness disease? |
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Definition
Giemsa stained blood smear for direct demonstration
serology can be helpful |
|
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Term
| What are the causative agents of African sleeping sickness? |
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Definition
| Trypanosome brucei gambiense and rhodesiense |
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Term
| How can one diagnose amebic dysenetery? |
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Definition
| Microscopic demonstration E.Histoloytica cysts and trophozoites in feces |
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Term
| How can one diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis infection? |
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Definition
| Direct demonstration of protozoa in wet mount of clinical specimens (vaginal, urethral or prostatic secretions) |
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Term
| How can one diagnose intestinal taeniasis? |
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Definition
| Demonstration of characteristic proglottis and eggs (ova) in faeces. |
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Term
| How can one diagnose Hymenolepis infection? |
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Definition
| Demonstration of eggs in feces |
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|
Term
| How can one diagnose Ascaris infection? |
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Definition
| Demonstration of eggs in feces |
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Term
| How can one diagnose trichuriasis? |
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Definition
| Demonstration of eggs in feces |
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Term
| How can one diagnose Enterobius infection? |
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Definition
Demonstration of eggs from perianal skin (scotch tape technique)
not from feces! |
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Term
| Mention 4 tissue infecting filarial nematodes! |
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Definition
Loa Loa
Oncocerca vulvulus
Dracunculus medinesis
Wuchereria bancrofti |
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Term
| How is human Fasciola hepatica infection acquired? |
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Definition
By eating aquatic vegetation containing encysted larvae
(rarly by eating raw sheep liver containing adult warms) |
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Term
| What disease is caused if humans are infected per os with Taenia solium eggs? |
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Definition
| human cysticercosis (encysted larvae in brain, eyes..) |
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Term
| How is human Trichinella spiralis infection acquired? |
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Definition
| By eating raw or undercooked meat containing encysted larvae |
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Term
| Mention 2 protozoa that are susceptible to metronidazol! |
|
Definition
| Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis |
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|
Term
| What are the 3 modes of transmission for human Toxoplasma gondii infection? |
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Definition
Eating undercooked meat containing tissue cysts,
Contact with cat feces containing oocysts
Transplacental transmission |
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|
Term
| Mention 2 helminths whose larvae enter the human body by penetratring the intact skin! |
|
Definition
Ancylostoma duodenale
Nectar americanus |
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Term
| Which developmental form of Echinococcus granulosus can occur in humans? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive (ultimate) host of Echinococcus granulosus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which species are the causative agents of malaria? |
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Definition
| Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. falciparum |
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Term
| What is the definitive (ultimate) host of Plasmodium species? |
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Definition
| female Anopheles mosquito |
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Term
| What are the definitive, and the intermediate hosts of Taenia saginata, respectively? |
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Definition
| definitive host: human intermediate host: cattle |
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|
Term
| What is the infectious form of Strongyloides stercoralis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the infectious form of Trichuris trichiura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of Taenia saginata is infectious for humans? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Is autoreinfection possible in Ascaris lumbricoides infection? If yes, when? |
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Definition
| No, the eggs must mature in the soil for several days to become infectious (embryonated) |
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|
Term
| Is autoreinfection possible in Strongyloide stercoralis infection? If yes, when? |
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Definition
| yes, in immunosuppression (for example: AIDS) |
|
|
Term
| Is autoreinfection possible in Enterobius vermicularis infection? If yes, when? |
|
Definition
| yes, eggs become infectious in a few hours, ab ano ad os autoreinfection may occur. (especially in children) |
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