An antimicrobial agent, usually produced naturally by a bacterium or fungus

All living organisms are composed of cells and arise from preexisting cells

The enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor is an organize molecule, ATP is synthesized by the substrate-level phosphorylation, and oxygen is not required

A living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye; includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and microscopic algae; also includes viruses

Be Very Firm About Posture

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Algae

Protozoa

The process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens

The idea that life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter

A chemotherapeutic agent that is prepared from chemicals in a lab

The kingdom composed of multicellular eukaryotes lacking cell walls

The structure of motility found in spirochetes; also called endoflagellum

Domain of prokaryotic organisms, characterized by peptidoglycan cell walls

Prokaryotic cell reproduction by division into two daughter cells

The common name for bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae

An exotoxin that causes gastroenteritis, such as produced by Staphylococcus, Vibrio, and Escherichia

All eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, and protists); members of the Domain Eukarya

A cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane-enclosed nucleus

An organism that belongs to the Kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic absorptive chemoheterotroph

The kingdom composed of multicellular eukaryotes with cellulose cell walls

A cell whose genetic materials is not enclosed in a nuclear envelope. Bacteria & Archaea

Term used for unicellular and simple multicellular eukaryotes usually protozoa and algae

Single-celled eukaryotic organisms; includes plant-like and animal-like organisms

Recombinant DNA; a DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from two different sources

A group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche

A microbial community that usually forms as a slimy layer on a surface

The system of having two names (genus and specific epithet) for each organism; also called scientific nomenclature

Some single-celled (yeasts), most are multicellular filamentous eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms with cell walls

Jointed invertebrates with chitinous exoskeletons; important as disease vectors

To kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on an inanimate surface

A change in the molecular structure of protein, usually making it nonfunctional

English physician who discovered that people vaccinated with cowpox were protected from smallpox (1798)

Scottish physician who accidentally discovered the antibiotic penicillin (1928)

*Observed that mold (fungus) Penicillum notatum inhibited the growth of bacterial culture

*PCN used clinically as an antibiotic since the 40's

German physician who discovered that the disease anthrax was caused by a specific bacterium, bacillus anthracis (1876); his research provided evidence for the germ theory of disease

*Proved microorganisms transmit disease by using a procedure called Koch's postulates (4 steps)

Dutch maker of microscopes (lens maker)

"The Father of Microbiology" whos observations of living microscopic organisms were published from 1673 through 1723. 

*Used a simple microscope to observe microorganisms in pond water, called them animalcules

*Called sperm "tadpole-like bodies"

French chemist who demonstrated that fermentation of sugar into alcohol (for beer and wine production) was due to yeast (1857); the souring of beer and wine was due to the presence of bacteria; he developed pasteurization(1864), the heating of sugar solution to kill the bacteria and prevent spoilage of beverages.

*Worked with silk industry to eradicate one-celled protozoa on mulberry leaves

English natural philosopher who coined the term "cell" in 1665, after observing thin cork plant cells with a microscope

Claimed that microorganisms could arise spontaneously from heated nutrient broth (1745)

Repeated Needham's experiments & suggested that his results were due to microorganisms in the air entering the broth 

*Given credit for Aseptic Surgery and Aseptic Technique

*Introduced the use of a disinfectant (phenol/carbolic acid) to clean surgical dressings in order to control infections in humans