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| does not cause diesease unless immune system is compromised |
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| enables examination of cell morphology |
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| clump of coccus shaped bacteria |
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| 10x · objective maginication |
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color: dark purple
Thick peptidoglycan layer
2 membranes
polysaccharide capsule
flagella: 2 support rings
S-layer attached to petidoglycan if present
sporulate
teichoic acid/lipoids form lipoteichoic acid
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Definition
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Thin peptidoglycan layer
stains: light pink
porins (pores)
flagella (4 support rings)
s-layer attached directly to outer layer
do not sporulate
Lipopolysaccharide outer layer
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Term
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Definition
crystal violet
buffer 2
stain- grams iodine
decolorizer
counterstain- safranin
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Definition
for gram positive bacteria
stain- carbol fuchsin
decolorizer- acid-alcohol
counterstain- methylene blue
red color=acid fast; mycobacterium
blue= non acid-fast; staphylococcus |
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Definition
gram positive spore formers- bacillus/clostridium
stain- malachite green
counterstain- safrain
spore color- green
vegetative cell- red |
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Definition
central- middle of cell
sub-termial- near end of cell
termial- end of cell |
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Definition
negative stain
no heat fixation
stain- nigrosin; malachite green
cell color- blue
capsule- clear
background- black
Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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Term
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Definition
| only growth of certain microorganism |
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Definition
| distinguish one type of microorganism from another growing on the same media |
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Definition
type- differential and enriched
streptococcus hemolysis
alpha hemolysis- partial; greenish color
beta hemolysis- complete; clear halo
gamma hemolysis- no color change |
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Definition
selective for gram negative
differential for- E. coli / Enterobacter
test- lactose fermentation
pink colonies- positive fermentation
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Definition
selective- gram positive; staphylococcus
phenol red indicator; pink color
mannitol fermentation- yellow; S. arueus
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| Eosin Methylene Blue agar |
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Definition
selective- gram negative
differential- lactose fermenters
e. coli- metallic green color; positive fermentation
Enterobacter- pink colonies; weak fermentation |
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Definition
test- pyruvate fermentation
media- MRVP broth
indicator- methyl red; pH
postive result- red color; e. coli
negative result- no color change; e. aerogenes |
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Definition
test- ability to transport citrate
media- simmon's citrate agar; slanted in tube
indicator- bromothymol blue; [in media]
positive result- blue [pH inc]; e. aerogenes
negative result- green; e.coli
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Definition
test- use of tryptophan as carbon source
media- tryptone broth
indicator- Kovak's reagent
positive result- red layer at top of solution; e. coli
negative result- no change; e. aerogenes
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Term
| Sulfur Indole Motility [SIM] test |
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Definition
test- production of sulfide, indole production, motility
media- SIM in test tube
indicator- Kovaks reagent
positive result- 1. black along stab=sulfide production; 2. red color=indole production; 3. black throughout=motility
negative result- no red, no black |
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Definition
test- ability to use nitrate as an electron acceptor
media- nitrate broth
indicator- dimethyl-alpha-napthylamine
positive result- red
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Definition
test- hyrdrolyze urea to ammonia/CO2
media- urease broth
indicator- pH
positive result- pink color=pH increase; p. vulgaris |
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Definition
test- ability to catalyze H2O2 into H2O/O2; differential between staph/strept
media- TSA
indicator- H2O2 drops on colony
positive result- bubbles; staphylococcus |
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Definition
test- ability to hydrolyze starch
media- starch agar
indicator- gram's iodine
positive result- no blue color
negative result- blue color |
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| Carbohydrate Fermentation |
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Definition
test- ability to ferment sucrose, glucose, lactose
media- phenol-red glucose/sucrose/lactose broth tubes
indicator- phenol-red in media
positive result- yellow color; decrease pH, gas present in durham tubes
negative result- no color change |
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| Terminal Death Time [TDT] |
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Definition
| minimum time is the last tube with growth |
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Definition
| growth in the presence of different salt concentrations |
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| Kirby-Bauer Method of Antibiotic Disk Diffusion |
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Definition
tests for antibiotic susceptibility
media- Mueller-Hinton; allows antibody to diffuse through media
zone of inhibition- area around disc without growth |
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Definition
tube=10-x
plate= 10-[x-1] |
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| number of colonies ÷ plate dilution [10-5] |
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Definition
CaCl2 transformation solution weakens membrane
heat shock treatment causes membrane to become permeable |
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Definition
| cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter |
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| endospore forming bacteria |
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Definition
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| lens that stays in focus when magnification is changed |
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