Term
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Definition
| the study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification |
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Term
| what is included in microorganisms |
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Definition
bacteria
viruses
fungi
protozoa
helminths
algae |
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Term
| microbiology endeavors table (what can you do in microbiology?) |
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Definition
immunology
public health microbiology and epidemiology
food, dairy and aquatic microbiology
genetic engineering and recombinant DNA |
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Term
| how long have bacteria like organisms been on earth? |
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Definition
| approx. 3.5 billion years |
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Term
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Definition
| (pre nucleus) are simple cells |
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Term
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Definition
| (true nucleus) complex cells |
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Term
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Definition
| light filled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| production of food, drugs and vaccines |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| microorganisms that do harm |
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Term
| how many microbes cause disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many new infections are there a year worldwide? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many deaths are due to infections per year? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 cell lines of microbes. describe them. |
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Definition
Prokaryote: microscopic,unicellular organisms, lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote: unicellular, microscopic,multicellular, nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| acellular, parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and protein |
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Term
| how do microorganisms usually live? |
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Definition
| freely and are relatively harmless, often times they are beneficial |
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Term
| what do most microorganisms have close associations with? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some of the primary discoveries of microbiologist? |
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Definition
microscopy
scientific method
development of medical microbiology
microbiology techniques |
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Term
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Definition
| early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces that are present in nonliving or decomposing matter. (such as flies from manure) |
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Term
| who was the first to observe living microbes? how? |
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Definition
| Leeuwenhoek using a single lens that magnified up to 300X |
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Term
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Definition
| approach taken by scientists to explain a certain natural phenomenon |
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Term
| what did early experiments in microbiology lead to? |
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Definition
| the realization that microbes are everywhere, leading to immediate applications in medicine |
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Term
| what did Tyndall and Cohn each demonstrate? |
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Definition
| the presence of heat resistant forms of some microbes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| requires the elimination of all life forms including endospores and viruses |
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Term
| what do aseptic techniques include? what do aseptic techniques prevent? |
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Definition
disinfecting hands using chemicals prior to surgery
using heat for sterilization. this reduces microbes in medical settings and prevents wound care |
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Term
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Definition
| Many diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body and not by sins, bad character, or poverty, etc. |
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Term
| who are the 2 major contributors to germ theory of disease |
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Definition
| Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch |
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Term
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Definition
Showed microbes caused fermentation and spoilage
Disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms
Developed pasteurization
Demonstrated what is now known as Germ Theory of Disease |
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Term
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Definition
| a sequence of experimental steps that verified the germ theory |
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Term
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Definition
Established Koch’s postulates
Identified cause of anthrax, TB, and cholera
Developed pure culture methods |
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Term
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Definition
organizing, classifying, and naming living things
(Formal system originated by Carl von Linné) |
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Term
| what is taxonomy concerned with |
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Definition
Classification – orderly arrangement of organisms into groups
Nomenclature – assigning names
Identification – determining and recording traits of organisms for placement into taxonomic schemes |
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Term
| Name the levels of classification |
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Definition
Domain - Archaea, Bacteria, & Eukarya
Kingdom
Phylum or Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species |
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Term
| Binomial (scientific) nomenclature |
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Definition
gives each microbe 2 names:
Genus - capitalized
species - lowercase
Both names italicized or underlined |
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Term
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Definition
| natural relatedness between groups of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
All new species originate from preexisting species
Closely related organism have similar features because they evolved from common ancestral forms |
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Term
| True or false: Evolution usually progresses toward greater complexity |
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Definition
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Term
| Name and describe the 3 domains |
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Definition
Bacteria - true bacteria
Archaea - odd bacteria that live in extreme environments, high salt, heat, etc.
Eukarya - have a nucleus and organelles |
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