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Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional
Infections of the Skin
31
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
09/12/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

LAYERS OF SKIN

Definition
  • Epidermis - 5 layers formed by mitosis
  • Dermis - Papillary Layer & Reticular Layer -- VITAL
  • Hypodermis - Loose connective adipose
Term

 

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Definition
  • Abcesses - Localized collection of pus - superficial pustules, pimples, furuncles, boils, carbuncles, pyogenic groups of hair follicles, deep skin abcesses
  • Spreading Infections - Can be limited to epidermis or can involve subcutaneous fat
  • Necrotizing Infections - Death of infected tissue - flesh eating bacteria
Term

 

STAPHLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

-bacterial -

-Staph-

Definition
  • Most common bacterial skin infections
  • Part of normal flora
  • Do not cause harm unless there is a break in skin
Term

 

FURUNCLES (BOILS)

-bacterial -

-Staph-

Definition
  • Causitive Agent - Staphloccus aureus
  • Hot Tub exposure to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa & Pseudomonas Folliculitis
  • Occure in hair follicles - face, neck, butt, thighs, armpit
Term

 

CELLULITIS

-bacterial -

-Staph-

Definition
  • Acute infection of dermis / subcutaneous
  • Caused by S. Aureus, Streptcocci
  • Redness, swelling, warmth,pain, tenderness
  • Systemic anitbiotics, cold compress, analgesics are needed
  • Most common - lower legs, arms, hands
Term

 

IMPETIGO (PYODERMA)

-bacterial -

-Staph-

Definition
  • Superficial infection limited to epidermis
  • Common in kids, but not limited
  • Cause: S. aureus and group B. streptocci in children
  • Passed via contact sports and vectors
  • Treatment: Topical, oral antibiotics, hygiene
Term

 

STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

Definition
  • Usually secondary infection
  • Glomerulonephritis can occur due to antibiotic treatment
Term

 

ERYSIPELAS

-bacterial-

-strep-

Definition
  • Acute Infection
  • Caused by Group A Strep
  • Used to only infect face, but now affects legs as well
  • Breakouts have raised edge and sharp borders
Term

 

ACUTE NECROTIZING FASCIITIS

-bacterial-

strep

Definition
  • Flesh eating bacteria
  • Uncommon infection in deeper tissue
  • Aerobic and Anerobic bacteria present
  • Necrosis due to virulent strain of S. Pyogenes (GRAM POSITIVE GROUP A STREP)
Term

 

ACNE

-bacterial-

strep

 

Definition
  • Cause: Propionibacterium acnes
  • Lives in fatty acids secreted by sebacous glands - skin oil
  • Adolescents mostly effected
  • Tetracycline-resistant P. acnes becoming common
Term

 

LEPROSY

-bacterial-

strep

Definition
  • HANSONS DISEASE
  • Mycobacterium leprae
  • Infected many but now limited throughout the world
  • Not very contagious
  • Skin, mucus membrane, nerves
  • Overcrowding and poor hygiene thought to be the cause
Term

 

VIRAL INFECTIONS

Definition
  • Most common cause of acute infections not requiring hospitalizations
  • Some via skin, some via insect bite
  • Few via animal bite, needles, transfusion, acupuncture
  • Some viruses can enter via resp tract and infect skin - measles, rubella, chicken-pox
Term

 

WARTS

-viral-

Definition
  • Caused by HPV
  • Mostly on hands and feet
  • Direct Contact, Fomites, Autoinoculation
  • Treatment - Salicyic and lactic acid, freezing with nitrogen, electrodesiccation, laser surgery
Term

 

HERPES SIMPLEX

-virus-

Definition
  • Painful watery blisters
  • Skin, mucous membranes, lips, genitals
  • HSV1-Fever blister on lips and mouth
  • HSV2 - Genital herpes
  • Can remain dormant and activate with uv, xray,heat, cold, stress, hormones
  • Treatments reduce duration - CAN NOT BE CURED
Term

 

VARICELLA-ZOSTER

-virus-

Definition
  • Form of herpes
  • Manifest as chicken pox
  • When contracted later in life, get herpes zoster "SHINGLES"
  • Transmission: Resp droplets or secretions
  • Can be latent and reactivate replicating along neural pathways causing rash along dermatome
Term

 

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

-virus-

Definition
  • Caused by POXVIRUS
  • Raised pearl like papules or nodules on skin
  • More common in children
  • Contagious and spread via direct contact including fomites and sexual contact
  • Can NOT infect palms or soles of feet
Term

 

ROSEOLA INFANTUM

-virus-

Definition
  • SIXTHS DISEASE
  • HHV-6 HHV-7 self limiting disease in children 6m-2y
  • High grade fever 102-104 for 3-5 days followed by a skin rash starting on trunk spreading to limbs
Term

 

SMALLPOX

-virus-

Definition
  • Acute contagious disease
  • Caused by VARILA VIRUS which is part of ORTHOPOXVIRUS family
  • One of the most devastating diseases of all time
  • Transmit: person to person via contact with skin lesions or secretions of resp tract
  • 1967 WHO eradicated smallpox with vaccine from Edward Jenner. By 1979 smallpox was nearly gone
Term

 

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

Definition
  • Classified as Mycoses and are generally parasites that can present mild infections. When the immune system is compromised however, fungal infections can be very serious!!
  • Live off living or dead organic matter
  • Many fungi live on damp surfaces - public showers and locker rooms
Term

 

TINEAS

-fungal-

 

 

Definition
  • RINGWORM
  • Superficial infection affecting skin, nails and hair
  • Named on body part infected
  • Live off dead epidermis for food
  • DERMATOPHYTES most common form
Term

 

TINEA CAPITIS

-fungal-

Definition
  • Infection of the scalp - CRADLE CAP
  • Bald patches due to destruction of hail follicles
  • Common in school aged children
  • Microsporum Canis - from cats and dogs
  • Trichophyton Tonsurans - from humans
  • Oral anti fungals for treatment
Term

 

TINEA CORPORIS

fungal

 

Definition
  • Can affect the body anywhere
  • Contagious by shower mats, walls, pools
  • Can present symptoms of ringworm and burning
Term

 

TINEA VERSICOLOR

-fungal-

Definition
  • Is NOT contagious
  • Comes in form on yeast rather than fungal
  • Caused by Malassezia furfur / pityrosporum ovale
  • Skin may be uneven in color for several weeks
Term

 

TINEA CRURIS

-fungal-

Definition
  • JOCK ITCH
  • Mainly in men
  • Caused by friction of clothing, moisture, sweat
  • Transmitted: Skin to skin contact or jock strap
Term

 

TINEA UNGUIUM

-fungal-

Definition
  • Called ONYCHOMYCOSIS
  • Infects mostly toenails
  • Can be caused by untreated fungal infections
  • At risk: Diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, artificial nails, close fitting rubber foot wear, older women
  • Difficult to cure and may return
Term

 

TINEA PEDIS

-fungal-

Definition
  • ATHLETES FOOT
  • Thrives in warm, humid enviornments
  • Caused by TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM
  • Most common of tinea infections
  • Contagious - direct contact or fomites
Term

 

CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS

-fungal-

 

Definition
  • Caused by yeast (Candida albicans - common form of diaper rash)
  • Normal flora- oral, genital and large intestine
  • Infectious when immunocompromised
  • Diabetes, obesity, antibiotics and rubber gloves cause increased risk
Term

 

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

Definition
  • Fungal disease that penetrates dermis or deeper layers after trauma
  • Mainly in the tropics
Term

 

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSES

-sub-q fungal-

Definition
  • Limited mostly to subcutaneous tissue
  • Localized fungal infections
  • Mainly in lower extremities
  • Bone, muscle and tendon often involved
  • Often caused by thorns and splinters
  • Antibiotics may cause secondary bacterial infections
Term

 

MYCETOMAS

-sub-q fungal-

Definition
  • Chronic infection
  • Occurs at site of injury and gets into deeper tissue
  • Presents as subcutaneous nodule
  • May be caused by actinomycetes which are bacteria that form filaments
  • Found in soik and plants in tropics
  • Often associated with injuries of feet
  • May require amputation
Term

 

SPOROTRICHOSIS

-sub-q fungal-

Definition
  • Caused by SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
  • Soil, plant material
  • Thorns, barbs, pine needles
  • Noncontagious - presents as painless bumps resembling insect bite
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