Term
Which bacteria don't Gram stain well?
These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color |
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Definition
Treponema (too thin; use dark field microscopy and fluorescent Ab staining)
Rickettsia (intracellular parasite)
Mycobacteria (high-lipid content; requires acid fast stain)
Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Legionella pneumophilia (intracellular; use a silver stain instead)
Chlamydia (intracellular; lacks muramic acid in cell wall) |
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Term
| What is Giemsa stain good for? |
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Definition
Borrelia
Plasmodium
Trypanosomes
Chlamydia |
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Term
| What is Periodic acid-Schiff stain good for? |
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Definition
| Glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; for diagnosing Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii) |
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Term
| What is Ziehl-Neelsen stain good for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is India ink good for? |
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Definition
Crytococcus neoformans
... PIGEONS! |
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Term
| What is silver stain good for? |
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Definition
Fungi (like Pneumocystis)
Legionella |
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Term
| What grows on chocolate agar with factors V and X? (What are factors V and X?) |
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Definition
H. influenzae
Factor V = NAD+
Factor X = hematin |
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Term
| What grows on Thayer Martin (or VPN media) = vancomycin, polymyxin, and nystatin... what does VPN block? |
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Definition
N. gonorrhea grows on thayer martin!
Vanco = blocks G+
Poly = blocks G-
Nystatin = blocks fungi |
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Term
| What grows on Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you grow C. diptheria on? |
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Definition
| Tellurite plate, Loffler's media |
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Term
| What do you grow M. tuberculosis on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you grow M. pneumoniae on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you grown on MacConkey's agar? |
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Definition
| Lactose-fermenting enterics = E. coli |
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Term
| ... What else does E. coli grow on? |
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Definition
| Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar = blue black colonies with metallic sheen |
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Term
| What grows on charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine? |
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Definition
Legionella
Legions... on charcoal. |
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Term
| What grows on Sabouraud's agar? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some OBLIGATE AEROBES |
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Definition
Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacillus
Seen in burn wounds, nosocomial PNA, and PNA in CF patients |
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Term
| Name some OBLIGATE ANAEROBES |
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Definition
Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Actinomyces
Lack catalase and/or SOD
Susceptible to oxidative damage
THEY STINK ~ short-chain fatty acids
Are difficult to culture
Produce gas in tissue ~ CO2 and H2
Normal in the GI tract |
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Term
| What class of ABX can you NOT use in obligate anaerobes? |
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Definition
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
because they require O2 to enter into bacterial cells |
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Term
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Definition
Rickettsia and Chlamydia
Can't make their own ATP |
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Term
| Facultative intracellular? |
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Definition
| Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella |
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Term
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Definition
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Salmonella
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Neisseria meinigitidis |
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Term
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Definition
S = strep. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis
Produce IgA protease
Cause meningitis
Take up DNA from environment = transformation |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteus, Klebsiella, H. pylori, Ureaplasma |
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Term
| These make yellow "sulfur" granules |
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Definition
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Term
| they're named for being GOLD |
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Definition
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Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa is what color? |
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Definition
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Term
| Serratia marcescens is what color? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Present on S. aureus
Bind Fc region of Ig
Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis |
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Term
| What does IgA protease do? |
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Definition
Cleaves IgA.
Secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, and Neisseria (SHiN) to colonize respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
Group A strep
Helps prevent phagocytosis |
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