Term
| Plague – type III secretion |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Tuberculosis Immune evasion and resistance |
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Definition
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Term
Meningitis:
1) H. influenzae
2) N.meningitis
3) Listeria monocytogenes
4) Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Definition
Broad-spectrum third generation cephalosporins
1st choice of antibiotics
+ Vancomycin
Spinal tap Cerebrospinal fluid
Latex agglutination
1) Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis
g(-), aerobic bacteria
Capsule (Important in pathogenicity)
normal throat microbiota
Haemophilus (blood loving)
Enters bloodstream
Cause invasive diseases
Children under age 4
Especially at 6 months
Ab protection from mother weakens
vaccination
2) Neisseria Meningitis (Meningococcal Meningitis)
g(-), aerobic cocci, capsule (antiphagocytic)
10% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers
Most individuals in close contact with a case of meningococcal meningitis become carriers of the organism
Begins as throat infection, rash
Serotype B is most common in the United States
Fever and altered mental status, headache is usually very severe, nausea, and vomiting
Vaccination Recommended for College Students
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4)
Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4)
3) Listeriosis
g(+), aerobic, rod
4) Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis (Pneumococcal Meningitis)
g(+), encapsulated diplococci
Fever, headache, and stiff neck followed by nausea and vomiting
May progress to convulsions and coma
70% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers
Most common in children (1 month to 4 years)
Mortality: 30% in children, 80% in elderly
Vaccination |
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Definition
Retrovirus
RNA virus
HIV-1 is the most common. It has 11 clades:
90% of U.S. infections caused by clade B
Clade C predominates in sub-Saharan African
Clades B, C, and E are in south and southeast Asia
HIV-2 is seen in Western Africa
Virus feature
It proliferates regardless of cellular and humoral responses
Two-Receptor Mechanism
Required to infect CD4 T cell
Glycoprotein spike (gp120) attach gp120 receptor of CCR5 or CXCR4
gp120 can resists Ab binding
HIV antibodies
detected by ELISA
HIV antigens
detected by Western blotting
Plasma viral load
determined by PCR or nucleic acid hybridization
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
Combinations of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Protease inhibitor |
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Term
| Neither bacteria or virus- Prions |
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Definition
Abnormally folded proteins
Can induce in shape of normal protein
Sheep scrapie,Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,Kuru,Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Ingestion
Transplant corneal
Inherited
Chronic and fatal |
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Term
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Definition
Prions
Infected animal scrapes itself against fence & walls Raw |
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Term
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
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Definition
Occurs via corneal transplants
Accidental scalpel nicks autopsy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bovine spongiform encephalopathy |
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Definition
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Term
Human Nervous System
a) meningitis
b) encephalitis
c) meningoencephalitis |
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Definition
no normal microbiota
CNS+PNS
DAP (out to in)
Sub A=CSF
BBB=altered with infection
a)Inflammation of the meninges
b)Inflammation of the brain
c)Inflammation of both |
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Term
Pathology
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Infection
Disease |
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Definition
The study of disease
The study of the cause of a disease
The development of disease
Colonization or invasion of the body by pathogens
An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally |
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