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| Destruction or removal of all forms of microbial life; ideal goal. Usually done with steam under pressure or sterilizing gas |
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| Destruction of vegetative pathogens; may use physical or chemical methods. |
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| Destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue; usually done with chemical antimicrobials. |
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| Removal of microbes from a limited area, such as the skin around an injection site; alcohol soaked swab. An example is also taking a shower. |
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| Treatment intended to lower microbial count on eating and drinking utensils. |
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| Process that is done to avoid food spoilage; involves heating food to between 55-60C to kill mesophyles. |
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| feeding form of microorganisms; all other forms are survival forms. |
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| Inhibit microorganism activity |
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| Physical method of microbial growth control which denatures proteins through boiling or flowing steam; not as effective on endospores. |
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| Physical method that denatures proteins by putting microorganism in 15psi of pressure and 121C for 15 minutes; kills all vegetative forms and endospores. |
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| Physical method of microbial growth control that does not lead to cidal event, only stasis. |
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| Physical method of microbial growth control that removes microbes by passage of a liquid or gas through a screen like material; usually consists of cellulose acetate or nitrocellulose. |
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| Physical method that involves drying; ancient form of sterilization. |
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| Physical method that is used to preserve microorganisms; combination of freezing and drying. |
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| Physical method where an organism is suspended in a hypertonic solution; ancient form. |
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| Physical method where nucleic acids are killed through the use of UV light. |
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| Chemical method that denatures proteins. |
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| Chemical method that involves the use of chemicals in group 7 such as iodine (antiseptic), chlorine (bleach), fluorine (toothpaste), and bromine (hot tubs). |
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| Reactive oxygen that kills microbes by oxidizing their enzymes and preventing metabolism; chemical methods. |
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| Soaps and detergents that reduces the surface tension of solvents and disrupts cell membranes; chemical method. |
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| Chemical method that alter the 3d shape of proteins. |
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| Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu), and Silver (Ag) |
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| Compounds containing a CHO group that denatures proteins; no longer used to disinfect medical and dental equipment. |
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Definition
| Used to sterilize plastic lab ware, mattresses, and things that cannot be easily sterilized by heat, chemicals, or radiation. Examples include ethylene dioxide, propylene oxide. |
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| Quaternary ammonium compounds (cationic detergents) |
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Definition
| Antiseptic for skin, instruments, utensils, and rubber goods. Bacteriocidal, Bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and virocidal against enveloped viruses; examples are Zephiran and Cepacol. |
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| Metabolic inhibition mostly affecting molds. |
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| Preferred use is in meat and prevents clostridium botulinum. |
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Definition
| Reasoned the 'magic bullet' theory of developing a compound that only targets the desired illness. |
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Definition
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| Inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Definition
| Penicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin, bacitracin |
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Term
| Inhibits protein synthesis |
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Definition
| chroramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines, streptomycin, gentamycin. |
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Term
| Disruption of cytoplasmic membranes |
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Definition
| Amphotericin B, Polymyxin B |
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Term
| Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis |
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Definition
| quinolones, rifampin; can be used to treat tuberculosis |
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Definition
| sulfonamide, trimethoprim |
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Definition
| structural analog of PABA which competes to synthesize folic acid, therefore, inhibiting bacterial growth. |
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| Act against prokaryotic DNA |
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| amino sugars that change the shape of 30S subunits of ribosomes; streptomycin and gentamycin. |
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| Treats malaria (protozoa) |
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| Sterptomycin and Isoniazid |
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| cestodes; a type of flatworm |
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Definition
| trematodes; a type of flatworm |
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| round and cigar shaped (mixed) |
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| comma shaped; resists high osmotic pressure |
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| Sphirochate shaped bacteria causes |
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| chain of prokaryotic cells |
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| Many prokaryotic cells; looks like grapes |
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| bacilli prokaryotic cells lined parallel to each other |
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| Chain of of bacillus shaped cells |
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| Produced by the gram positive bacteria bacillus, and clostridium. They are extremely resistant to drying, heat, radiation and lethal chemicals. Not reproductive but a defense strategy against hostile environments. |
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| Cells that produce endospores. |
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| Viruses that infect and usually destroy bacterial cells. |
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