Term
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Definition
| Glycolysis takes place in the _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose is broken into two pyruvates through an oxidation-reduction reaction during which glucose is oxidized and NAD is reduced to form NADH. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| ATP is formed through ________ of ADP. |
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Definition
| The conversion of pyruvate to alcohols and acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Heating food to between 55-60C to get rid of bacteria and then cover it up. |
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Term
| Matrix of the mitochondria |
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Definition
| The Krebs cycle occurs in the _________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two carbons formed from the decarboxylation of the three carbon pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfers electrons to organize acids in the Krebs cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| The Krebs cycle produces: |
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Term
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Definition
| The electron transport chain takes place in the _________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 FADH and 8 NADH attach to the cristae in order to detach energy from their electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| The electron transport chain produces: |
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Term
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Definition
| one molecule of glucose produces: |
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Term
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Definition
| _______ is the final receptor of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of organism outside the body is called _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| intense activity preparing for population growth, but no increase in population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Logarithmic or exponential increase in population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of equilibrium where microbial deaths balance the production of new cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Population is decreasing at a logarithmic rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lag phase and Log phase is called the ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stationary and death phase is called the ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth in number not size microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| result of microbial growth; an aggregation of cells arising from a single parent cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs; microbiological assays (used in research). |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of most chemo-heterotrophic organisms; can be formed by food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of obligate anaerobes; (sodium thioglycolate) |
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Term
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Definition
| Suppression of unwanted microbes; encouraging desired microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differentiation of colonies of desired microbes from others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to selective media but designed to increase the number of desired microbes to detectable levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that use inorganic carbon sources to create energy containing organic molecules; plants are a prime example. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that catabolize food sources from organic molecules; animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that use H20 to reduce CO2, producing O2 as a byproduct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Green non-sulfur and purple non-sulfur bacteria; rare. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrogen, sulfur, and nitrifying bacteria. |
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Term
| most animals, fungi, protozoa, and many bacteria |
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Definition
| What organisms undergo aerobic respiration? |
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Term
| some animals and bacteria |
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Definition
| What organisms undergo anaerobic respiration? |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common organisms that undergo aerobic or anaerobic respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| can maintain life via fermentation or anaerobic respiration or by aerobic respiration; (commonly infect humans). |
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Term
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Definition
| Does not use aerobic metabolism but contains some enzymes that detoxify oxygen's poisonous forms |
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Term
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Definition
| microbes that require oxygen within levels of 2-10% |
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Term
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Definition
| The reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonia; essential to life on earth. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that grow optimally at around 10C |
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Term
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Definition
| Microorganisms that grow optimally at 35-40C; can grow in human bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganisms that grow optimally at 65-70C |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganisms that grow optimally at 95-100C |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Respiration produces _______ ATP from one molecule of glucose. |
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Term
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Definition
| The two waste products of respiration are ________ and _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| the entire genetic complement of an organism; nucleotides and genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA not in nucleus, nucleoid that is found in cytoplasm, 1 DNA, circular DNA, and contained in two structures; chromosome and plasmid. |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA in nucleus, 2 or more DNA, linear DNA. |
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Term
| Homologues and autosomes (similar) |
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Definition
| Chromosomes 1-22 in a human karyotype are ________ |
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Term
| non-homologous or heterologous |
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Definition
| Chromosome 23 in a male human karyotype is ________ |
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Term
| Chromosome 23 in human male |
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Definition
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Term
| Chromosome 23 in human females |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DNA replication is __________ |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA replication occurs during the ________ of mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| The cell loses the nuclear membrane during the _________ in mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes align in the middle during the ________ of mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| The distribution of chromosomes in the upper and lower portion of the cell occurs during the ______ in mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two new nuclear membranes are formed and cytokinesis begins to take place by invagination of cell membrane; this occurs in the _______ of mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that lives in certain pressures such as hydrostatic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sputum comes from the _______. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mature haploid male sex cell with tails |
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Term
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Definition
| Mature haploid female sex cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is exchanged with random homologous chromosomes; you never know where each chromosome is going to end up. |
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Term
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Definition
| picks up all of the amino acids needed to form the proteins and goes into the rough ER. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prepares the ribosome which is where the cell prepares proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Initiates protein synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transcription produces ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| Translation produces ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed when a spermatozoa enters the egg and fertilizes creating a diploid cell. |
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