Term
True or False:
Archaea contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which microorganism class are extreme halophiles and extreme thermophiles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Fungi are prokaryotes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Yeasts are unicellular fungi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of motility does a sporozoan have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amoebae move via what method of motility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthetic eukaryotes are also known as _______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who proposed the cell theory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who discovered microorganisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who developed the vaccine for anthrax? Rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who proposed aseptic technique? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Louis Pasteur proposed the germ theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What scientist(s) was/were credited for discovering fermentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is known as the father of antiseptic surgery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Lister was known for using carbolic acid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who postulated the germ theory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who identified the microbes which caused anthrax rabies etc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What scientist created micro. media and streak plates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who discovered penicillin> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term means to measure the relative velocity of light passing through an objective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basic dyes have what charged ion? Acidic ions? Purpose of each. |
|
Definition
Basic - positive - stains bacteria
Acidic - negative - stains background |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of granules in a bacterial cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cell structure in bacteria helps adhesion to various other substances? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transfer DNA to other cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the virulence factor and what is it composed of? |
|
Definition
prevents phagocytosis but enhancing adhesion
Made up of sugars |
|
|
Term
| What composes the cell envelope? |
|
Definition
| Anything external to the cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Gram + bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer than gram - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Techoic acids are part of the peptidoglycan layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of techoic acids? |
|
Definition
| to prevent cell wall breakdown |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Only gram positive bacteria contain a periplasmic space |
|
Definition
False
Only gram negative does |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Both gram positive and gram negative bacteria contain porins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is mycoplasma considered to be an atypical cell wall |
|
Definition
| No cell wall (Only sterol membrane) |
|
|
Term
| Why is mycobacterium considered atypical? |
|
Definition
| It contains mycolic acids in the cell wall |
|
|
Term
| Where does ATP production occur at in a bacterial cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is group translocation and describe its locomotion? |
|
Definition
| Group translocation describes a mode of active transport that requires PEP. It chemically alters the transported material during transport |
|
|
Term
| What % of the cytoplasm is water/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
If a bacterial cell does not contain a plasmid, it cannot survive. |
|
Definition
false
plasmids are typically not required to survive |
|
|
Term
| Describe the morphology of a bacterial cell dna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the size of the ribosomal subunits for prokaryotes and what is the total size? |
|
Definition
| 70s with 50s and 30s subunits |
|
|
Term
| What is a vibros cell shaped like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ribosome size and subunit size of a eukaryotic cell? |
|
Definition
| 80s with 60s and 40s subunits |
|
|
Term
| Via the Embden Meyerhoff pathway, what does glucose produce? |
|
Definition
| 2 pyruvate, 2 atp, 2 nadh |
|
|
Term
| Via fermentation, how many atp molecules can be produced by one glucose molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main source of carbon for photoautotrophs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main source of carbon for photoheterotrophs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemoautotrophs use ___________ as the chief source for energy? Use ___________ as principle carbon source. |
|
Definition
electrons from reduced inorganic compounds
CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Chemoherterotrophs use _____________ as the main source of energy? Use _________ as principle carbon source. |
|
Definition
hydrogen ions from organic compounds
carbon comes from same source as energy |
|
|
Term
True or false:
Bacteria, fungi, and animals are considered chemoautotrophs. |
|
Definition
False:
They are chemoheterotrophs |
|
|
Term
| What is an amphibolic pathwya? |
|
Definition
| One that does anabolic and catabolic functions |
|
|
Term
| Optimal environment for a psychrophile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Optimal environment for a mesophile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Optimal environment for a thermophile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Optimal environment for a halophile? |
|
Definition
| Salt concentration above 2% |
|
|
Term
| What 4 elements are needed for bacterial cell growth? What other 2 factors are needed? |
|
Definition
Carbon, nitrogen, sulfer, phosphorus
Trace elements (cofactors)
Organic growth factors (vitamins) |
|
|
Term
What is another name for a capnophile?
optimal environment? |
|
Definition
Microaerophile
Lower O2 [ ] and higher CO2 [ ] than present in atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| Function of superoxide dismuatse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Break down H2O2 into H20 and O2 |
|
|
Term
True or False:
An oxidizing medium is required for an anaerobe culture. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of pallidium in anaerobic chamber? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of a selective medium? |
|
Definition
| Suppress unwanted bacterial growth |
|
|
Term
| Blood agar is what type of medium? MacConkey agar? Mannitol Salt agar? |
|
Definition
Blood agar - differential
MacConkey - differential and selective
Mannitol salt - selective |
|
|
Term
| Disinfectant vs antiseptic |
|
Definition
disinfected - used on inert substances
antiseptic - used on living tissue |
|
|
Term
| Time in min. required to know thermal death point? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the decimal reduction time? |
|
Definition
| time in min. that it takes to kill 90 percent of bacteria |
|
|
Term
| How does moist heat kill? |
|
Definition
| Breaking H-bonds and coagulating proteins |
|
|
Term
| How long does it take an autoclave to kill pathogens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does ionizing radiation work? (h20) |
|
Definition
| By forming highly reactive hydroyl radicals |
|
|
Term
| Chemically defined synthetic medium? |
|
Definition
| Exact chemical structure is known for every substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atleast 1 exact structure is unknown |
|
|
Term
| How do UV rays kill and cause mutations? |
|
Definition
| Formation of thymine dimers |
|
|
Term
| How do phenol and its derivatives kill? |
|
Definition
| Injures plasma membrane, inhibits enzymes and protein function |
|
|
Term
| What is the number one disinfectant here at ruby? How does it work? |
|
Definition
Hibiclens
Works by damaging plasma membrane (not sporicidal) |
|
|
Term
| What is the second rated surgical scrub? How does it work? |
|
Definition
Betadine
Works by oxidizing SH groups of pathgens by combining with tyrosine |
|
|
Term
| Hypochlorous acid aka _______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do heavy metals disinfect? |
|
Definition
| By combining with SH groups |
|
|
Term
| Surfactants disinfect by ____________? |
|
Definition
| Mechanical methods (scrubbing) |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Quaternary Ammonia Compounds are anionic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Quaternary Ammonia Compounds work better on gram - positive rather than gram - negative. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cepacol and Zephiran are what type of disinfectants? |
|
Definition
| Quaternary Ammonia Compounds |
|
|
Term
| How does formaldehyde work as a disinfectant? |
|
Definition
| Forms covalent cross-links with organic compounds |
|
|
Term
| What type of disinfectant is ethylene oxide and how does it work? |
|
Definition
Gaseous Chemosterilizer
Works by denaturing proteins |
|
|
Term
True or False:
H2O2 is a good disinfectant for open wounds. |
|
Definition
True
By NOT a good antiseptic |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Constituitive enzymes are produced only when needed |
|
Definition
false
they are constantly produced |
|
|
Term
| How does a repressor work? |
|
Definition
| Represses the ability of RNA pol. to initiate transcription |
|
|
Term
| What are inducible enzymes? |
|
Definition
| enzymes synthesized in the presence of an enzyme |
|
|
Term
| What region of a lac operon codes for the repressor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What molecule binds to the lac operon to initiate transcription? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lac operon repressor will bind to which region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lactose and glucose are present, the lac operon is _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are genes transferred between bacteria? (form, not method) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What form must the genetic material be in for bacterial conjugation to occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Conjugating cells must be opposite type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Bacterial conjugation occurs by direct cell-to-cell contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An F+ cell is described as? F- Cell? |
|
Definition
F + donor cell with plasmid
F - donor cell without plasmid |
|
|
Term
| How does an HFr cell occur? |
|
Definition
| If the F factor of one cell moves into the chromosome of a cell without an F factor |
|
|
Term
| Lysogenic is described as... |
|
Definition
| incorporating dna into bacterial chromosome |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Bacterial transduction involves a bacteriophage (bacterial virus) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for transposable genes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during recombinant gene formation, what role does reverse transcriptase play with mRNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What produces DNA from an mRNA template? |
|
Definition
|
|
