Term
| 5 types of microorganisms: |
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Definition
bacteria
fungi (yeasts, molds)
protozoa
algae
viruses |
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Term
| List several ways in which microbes affect our lives. |
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Definition
disease, infection
- spoil food
- basis of water food chains
- break down wastes
- fix nitrogen
- synthesize vitamins, acids, enzymes, industrial alcohols, drugs
- foods: vinegar, pickles, alcohol, olives, cheese, yogurt, bread |
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Term
| the system of scientific nomenclature that uses two names: a genus and a specific epithet. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Eukaryotes, single or multicellular, NO photosynthesis, absorb organic matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Prokaryotes, peptidoglycan cell walls, reproduce by binary fission, nutritionally diverse. |
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Term
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Definition
| unicellular microscopic organisms, eukaryotes. Motile with flagella or amoeba. |
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Term
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Definition
| non cellular, reproduce only in other cells, contain EITHER dna or rna, not in any domain. |
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Definition
| A large group of simple nonflowering plants containing chlorophyll but lacking true stems, roots, leaves, and vascular tissue |
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Term
| List the two types of cells |
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Definition
| prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
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Term
| Prokaryotic cells/characteristics |
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Definition
lack a membrane-bound nucleus, Binary fission, organelles, Bacteria
Archaea cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae) |
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Term
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Definition
| Have organelles, nuclei, mitosis, can be multi-cellular and reproduce sexually. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarea |
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Term
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Definition
– Bacteria
– Archaea
– Protists
– Fungi
– Plants
– Animals |
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Term
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Definition
observed that cork was composed of boxes";
he introduced the term cell (1665) |
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Term
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Definition
using a simple microscope, was the first
to observe microorganisms (1673). |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
demonstrated that microorganisms are in the air everywhere and offered proof of biogenesis (1861).Pasteur found that yeast fe rment sugars to alcohol and that
bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to acetic acid. A heating process called pasteurization is used to kill bacteria in some alcoholic beverages and milk. |
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Definition
| introduced the concept of biogenesis: living cells can arise only from preexisting cells (1858). |
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Term
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Definition
| claimed that microorganisms could arise spontaneously from heated nutrient broth (1745). |
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Definition
| demonstrated that maggots appear on decaying meat only when flies are able 10 lay eggs on the meat (1668). |
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Definition
consist of prokaryotic cells; they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
include methanogens, extreme halophiles, and extreme thermophiles. |
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Definition
| introduced the use of a disinfectant to clean surgical wounds in order to control infections in humans (1860s). |
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Term
| Identify the importance of Koch’s postulates. |
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Definition
| proves that a particular microorganism causes a particular disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| In 1798, demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox material provides humans with immunity to smallpox. |
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Definition
| introduced an arsenic-containing chemical called sal-varsan to treat syphilis (1910) . |
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Term
| 4 beneficial functions of microbes |
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Definition
| fermentation, digestion, sewage treatment, biotechnology, nitrogen fixing |
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Term
| Define emerging infectious disease |
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Definition
| an infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years and threatens to increase in the near future. |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex aggregation of microbes. The slime covering a rock in a lake is a biofilm. |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit of a chemical element that exhibits the properties of that element. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of protons in the nucleus; |
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Term
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Definition
the total number of protons
and neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms that have the same atomic number (are of the same element) but different atomic weights |
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Term
| The chemical properties of an atom are due largely to |
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Definition
| the number of electrons in its outermost shell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The combining capacity of an atom- the number of chemical bonds the atom can form with other atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Attractive forces that bind the atomic nuclei of two atoms together |
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Term
| 3 types of bonds in order of strength: |
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Definition
| Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| one element gives an electron (ion) to the other |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
exists when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one oxygen or nitrogen atom is
attracted to another oxygen or nitrogen atom. |
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Term
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Definition
atoms, ions, or molecules are combined to
form a larger molecule. |
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Term
| Describe the importance of carbon in macromolecules. |
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Definition
Carbon has a valence of 4 which makes it capable of entering into 4 covalent bonds. Can make long chains of itself and can create incredibly complex macromolecules.
This situation allows carbon to form many different chemical compounds. |
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Term
| In a decomposition reaction, |
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Definition
a larger molecule is broken down
into its component molecules, ions, or atoms. |
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Term
| Inorganic eompounds are usually |
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Definition
| small, ionically bonded molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. |
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Term
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Definition
| a electron donator, has a pH <7 |
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Term
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Definition
| an electron acceptor, a pH >7 |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of H+ in a substance |
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Term
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Definition
the most abundant substance in cells .
polar
solvent
temp buffer |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of atoms found within molecules that are involved in the chemical reactions characteristic of those molecules. ETOH, Carboxyl, Aldehyde, etc. |
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Term
| the building blocks of carbohydrates: |
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Definition
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Term
| the uses of different types of carbohydrates |
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Definition
| the major source of fuel for metabolism, in biosynthesis. Stored as glycogen in animals and starch in plants. |
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Term
| Two joined monosaccharides are called a |
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Definition
| disaccharide. Examples include sucrose and lactose. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically two to ten[1]) of simple sugars (monosaccharides). |
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Term
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Definition
| long carbohydrate molecules of repeated monomer units joined together by glycosidic bonds, have a general formula of Cx(H2O)y where x is USUALLY a large number between 200 and 2500. |
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Term
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Definition
| (fats) consist of a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| no double bonds between carbon atoms in the fatty acids; |
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Term
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Definition
| one or more double bonds. |
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Term
Saturated lipids have higher/lower melting points than unsaturated
lipids. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a functional hydroxyl group. |
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Term
| the building blocks of proteins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
carbon. hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
sometimes sulfur. |
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Term
By linking amino acids, _______ _____(formed by dehydration
synthesis) allow the formation of _________ chains. |
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Definition
peptide bonds
polypeptide |
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Term
| Proteins have four levels of structure: |
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Definition
primary (sequenu of amino acids), secondary (helices or pleats), tertiary (overall thrcedimensional
structure of a polypeptide), and quaternary ( two or more polypeptide chains). |
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Term
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Definition
the proteins that speed up biochemical
reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
help transport certain chemicals into and
out of cells. |
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Term
| proteins are integral parts of |
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Definition
cell structures such as
walls, membranes, and cytoplasmic components. |
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Term
| the building blocks of nucleic acids: |
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Definition
Each nucleotide has three parts: a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose (five-carbon ) sugar (either deoxyribose or ribose), and
a phosphate group (phosphoric acid). The nitrogen-containing
bases arc cyclic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). A and G arc double-ring structures called purines, whereas T, C. and U arc single-ring structures referred to as pyrimidines. |
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Term
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Definition
| typically lack carbon usually ionic bonds – somewhat strong transfer of electrons usually small & simple |
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Term
| Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle – |
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Definition
| it’s impossible to know exactly where subatomic particles are |
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