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Microbiology Exam 5
Influenza
13
Microbiology
Kindergarten
04/22/2012

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Cards

Term
Classification, Structure, Antigenicity
Definition
In the myxovirus group

Has a double-stranded segmented RNA genome, lipid envelope

Two main human types; A & B; type C is not usually associated with infection
Term
Influenza antigens and subtypes
Definition
hemaglutinin (H antigen)
neuraminidase (N antigen)
Term
How many H types are there?
Definition
12, 1,2,3 infect humans
Term
Pathogenesis
Definition
Influenza mainly infects and destroys lung cells, but may include the upper airway; sore throat and cough

Lung damage reduces airway and lung function

Mucosal damage allows secondary bacterial infection; bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media and pneumonia
Term
Signs and Symptoms
Definition
Nonproductive cough

Cellular damage causes release of cytokines that cause systemic symptoms: fever, myalgia, loss of appetite, mucosal inflammation
Term
Duration of the disease?
Definition
Acute influenza lasts 5-7 days

Convalescence may take up to 4 weeks to repair the respiratory tissues
Term
Complications
Definition
Bronchitis, pneumonia

Otitis media in children

Exacerbation of asthma, cystic fibrosis, COPD
Term
Epidemics of Influenza
Definition
The normal level of infection in the community

Occurs first in children, then adults, then elderly

Lasts 8-10 weeks for each strain (can have more than one)

Influenza occurs in winter in temperate climes

Not seasonal in the tropics; occurs all year round
Term
Pandemics
Definition
Worldwide, higher than normal epidemic incidence

A result of antigenic shift; most people lack immunity

Occurs about every 30 years
Term
Who gets influenza?
Definition
Highest in kids and elderly.
50-90million cases/year
300,000 hospitalizations
20,000-40,000 deaths
Term
Influenza Treatment
Definition
Zanamivir
Oseltamivir
Term
Influenza vaccine
Definition
Flumist
Fluzone
Term
Vaccine side effects
Definition
Local (soreness on shot area)
Systematic (low grade fever, head ace)
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