Term
| The lymphatic system is _______. Meaning what? |
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Definition
| Systematic. Any pathogen that can break through into the circulatory system will be carried throughout the body. |
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Term
| True or False. Pathology and secondary infection can occur far from the initial site of entry. |
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Definition
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Term
| Infections of the blood stream can be _____ or ______. Meaning what? |
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Definition
| Primary (begins in circulatory system) or Secondary (begins locally and invades circulatory system) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pericardium, myocardium, valves, chambers |
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Term
| Circulatory Anatomy/Physiology |
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Definition
| Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins |
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Term
| Lymphatic System Anatomy/Physiology |
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Definition
| Interstitial fluid is collected in lymphatic vessels, runs to lymph nodes, collected in the thoracic duct which empties into the subclavian vein |
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Term
| Mononuclear phagocytic system |
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Definition
| Part of the blood passes through the liver and spleen, filtered and cleaned by macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of bacteria in the blood (also; fungemia, viremia, parasitemia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncontrolled growth of bacteria in the blood with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) SERIOUS.** |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of a lymph vessel |
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Term
| How is Bacteremia usually caused? |
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Definition
| Transient, from eating, brushing your teeth, host defenses stop bacteremia |
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Term
| Etiology of Coagulase negative staphylococci? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Etiology of S. pneumoniae ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Etiology of K. pneumoniae ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endocarditis is usually caused by what? |
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Definition
| A Heart defect. IE: If there is a rough spot, hole, or raised area in valves a clot will form and bacteria will get caught. |
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Term
| Endocartitis can be subacute or acute, each meaning what? What is the bacterium that cause each? |
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Definition
| Gradual (oral streptococci) or Sudden (Staphylococcus aureus) |
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Term
| Endocarditis diagnosis and treatment |
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Definition
| Blood diagnosis. Treatment is aggressive bactericidal antibiotics for many weeks and/or surgery |
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Term
| Intracvascular infections are caused by what? |
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Definition
| Catheters. Short-term Caths can get infected bc not used long enough. Long-terms can become infected. Treatment; change it. |
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Term
| Secondary bloodstream infections are caused by what? |
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Definition
Invasive pathogens from other infections
IE: UTI, pneumonia, wounds, abdominal abscesses |
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Term
| Secondary Blood Stream infections causes what? |
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Definition
| fever, leukocytosis, capillary damage, clotting (disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC), hypotension, rapid death; the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. |
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Term
| Zoonotic reticuloendothelial system infections |
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Definition
Intracellular gram (-).
Caused by insect bite
Epidemiology based on animal vector.
All are RES-based infections
All are currently listed as potential bioterrorism agents |
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Term
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Definition
| The organism goes to the lymph nodes and spleen, is not killed. The infection then goes systemic |
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Term
| Tularemia is caused by what bacterium? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tularemia is caused "rabbit fever". True or False. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Named for Tulare County, California
Carried by rabbits, muskrats, and their fleas and ticks
Humans contract the infection hunting and cleaning animals
Causes an ulcer on the skin before it spreads
Can be inhaled as an aerosol, causes pneumonia |
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Term
| Brucellosis is carried by what? |
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Definition
| Brucella species; B. abortus (cows), B. canis (dogs), B. melitensis (goats), B. suis (pigs) |
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Term
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Definition
Carried by livestock
Was endemic in cattle (“contagious abortion”), now all calves must be vaccinated by law
Still endemic outside the US, in goats, and in bison
The most common source in US is goat cheese from Mexico |
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Term
| Plague is caused by what bacterium? |
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Definition
| Yersinia pestis : Small gram negative bacteria in the enterobacteriaceae group |
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Term
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Definition
Called “plague,” the “black death”
Killed 25% of the human population between 1346 and 1350
Carried by rats-fleas |
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Term
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Definition
| The organisms spreads from the flea bite to the lymph notes, forms an infected necrotic bubo (bubonic plague) |
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Term
| Diagnosis of bacteremia; the blood culture, how is it done? |
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Definition
| Draw blood directly from patient to bottle. (one anaerobic bottle/one aerobic bottle.) |
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Term
| Viral blood infections; infectious mononucleosis |
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Definition
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), part of the herpesvirus group
Called mononucleosis because of increased lymphocytes in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Mild in children, worse in teenagers; fever, sore throat, fatigue, splenomegaly
Long incubation period; 30-60 days
Normally lasts 3-4 weeks
Spread through saliva
Associated with some malignancies
Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
EBV infects B lymphocytes, becomes persistent, acutely gives a rise in T helper cell count (mononucleosis)
Infected B lymphocytes make a unique antibody that is diagnostic |
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Term
| Mononucleosis diagnosis and treatment |
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Definition
Diagnosed by symptoms, heterophile antibody, culture, blood smear
No treatment or vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
Arthropod-borne
Mainly in equatorial South America and Africa
Prevented work on the Panama Canal
An RVA virus carried by Aedes mosquito
Ranges from mild fever and headache to bleeding and jaundice (liver damage)
Controlled by mosquito control and a vaccine (Walter Reed) |
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Term
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Definition
The “most common serious infectious disease”
Caused by Plasmodium spp. parasites, spread by Anopheles mosquitoes
4 species cause different symptoms and are separate geographically |
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Term
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Definition
| Parasites infect erythrocytes, fever, anemia, collapse of the reticulo-endothelial system, secondary infection |
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Term
| Malaria is caused by what bacterium? |
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Definition
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Term
| Malaria diagnosis and treatment? |
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Definition
By a blood smear with microscopic examination
Prophylactic and therapeutic
Nine different drugs, varies by patient and location of disease
Controlled by mosquito control (bed nets) |
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